This work deals with some aspects about the construction of underground tunnels in urban areas. In particular it refers to the Milan subway considering either the different methods adopted for the excavation and the effects produced by the excavation. Finally the assessment of the subsidence effects on existing buildings is dealt with through a simplified approach. Nowadays, the Milan underground network consists of three lines while two are under construction. The network will ensure a proper connection not only between the city center and the suburb but also between the various points of interest such as railway stations, the Cathedral, the Sforzesco Castle... The planning and the development of the Milano lines took about 50 years, consequently different methods were used for the construction of the subway. In general terms, the choice of the excavation method depends on many parameters, such as the characteristics of the soil deposit (clayey soil requires different methods with respect to sandy soil, rock deposits), the presence of buildings, the depth and diameter of the tunnel, .... In addition, over the years the excavation techniques have been modified and nowadays tunnelling can be carried out with traditional methods or by means of mechanized excavation. This last method seems to allow a reduction of the surface settlements associated with the construction of the underground lines. Considering one of the simplified methods available in the literature, the effects caused by underground excavation depend on parameters related to the method of excavation, the size of the cross section of the tunnel and, of course, to the nature of the soil where the underground line is excavated. The simplified method allows the evaluation of the surface settlements without including the influence of the existing buildings. Subsequently the computed settlements (free field settlements) are applied to buildings, in order to evaluate the effects of the movements on the structural elements of the buildings. The abovementioned procedure has been applied to evaluate the variation in shear forces and bending moments of two buildings located in the proximity of the excavation area.
Nel presente lavoro vengono presi in esame alcuni aspetti relativi alla realizzazione di gallerie sotterrane in aree urbane. In particolare si fa riferimento alla metropolitana di Milano e vengono considerati sia i vari metodi di scavo sia gli effetti prodotti dallo scavo e, da ultimo, si procede ad una valutazione dei cedimenti attraverso una procedura semplificata. Oggigiorno l’infrastruttura metropolitana di Milano consta di tre linee già realizzate e due in costruzione, garantendo un buon collegamento sia tra il centro e la periferia sia tra i poli importanti della città quali le stazioni ferroviarie, il Duomo, il castello Sforzesco... Lo sviluppo e la realizzazione delle linee di Milano ha richiesto circa 50 anni e quindi sono stati utilizzati diversi metodi per la realizzazione dell'infrastruttura di trasporto sotterranea. In generale la scelta del metodo di scavo dipende da molti parametri (quali la natura argillosa o sabbiosa del terreno, la zona urbana o meno in cui si scava, la profondità del tunnel…). Negli anni si e' passati da scavi a cielo aperto, a scavi in galleria con metodi tradizionali e poi oggi all’utilizzo di scavi meccanizzati che permettono di ridurre di molto i cedimenti in superficie causati dai lavori di costruzione della metropolitana. Preso in esame uno dei metodi semplificati di analisi degli effetti provocati in superficie da scavi eseguiti a foro cieco si osserva che questi effetti dipendono principalmente dal metodo di scavo, dalla tipologia e sezione della galleria e dalla natura del terreno in cui si scava. Quest’aspetto diventa più chiaro nell’ultimo capitolo del lavoro in cui il metodo viene applicato per stimare il cedimento superficiale a seguito della realizzazione di due tratti della metropolitana di Milano, diversi sia nel metodo di scavo sia nella tipologia delle gallerie. Tale stima viene effettuata in assenza di edifici e quindi successivamente i cedimenti vengono applicati agli edifici presenti, in modo da valutare gli effetti dei movimenti su edifici ubicati in prossimità delle aree di lavoro delle linee metropolitane.
Effetti dello scavo della metropolitana di Milano sugli edifici esistenti
GAIONI, MICHELA
2011/2012
Abstract
This work deals with some aspects about the construction of underground tunnels in urban areas. In particular it refers to the Milan subway considering either the different methods adopted for the excavation and the effects produced by the excavation. Finally the assessment of the subsidence effects on existing buildings is dealt with through a simplified approach. Nowadays, the Milan underground network consists of three lines while two are under construction. The network will ensure a proper connection not only between the city center and the suburb but also between the various points of interest such as railway stations, the Cathedral, the Sforzesco Castle... The planning and the development of the Milano lines took about 50 years, consequently different methods were used for the construction of the subway. In general terms, the choice of the excavation method depends on many parameters, such as the characteristics of the soil deposit (clayey soil requires different methods with respect to sandy soil, rock deposits), the presence of buildings, the depth and diameter of the tunnel, .... In addition, over the years the excavation techniques have been modified and nowadays tunnelling can be carried out with traditional methods or by means of mechanized excavation. This last method seems to allow a reduction of the surface settlements associated with the construction of the underground lines. Considering one of the simplified methods available in the literature, the effects caused by underground excavation depend on parameters related to the method of excavation, the size of the cross section of the tunnel and, of course, to the nature of the soil where the underground line is excavated. The simplified method allows the evaluation of the surface settlements without including the influence of the existing buildings. Subsequently the computed settlements (free field settlements) are applied to buildings, in order to evaluate the effects of the movements on the structural elements of the buildings. The abovementioned procedure has been applied to evaluate the variation in shear forces and bending moments of two buildings located in the proximity of the excavation area.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Descrizione: ''frontespizio'', ''indice'', ''indice figure'', ''indice tabelle'', ''abstract'', ''introduzione'', ''testo della tesi'', ''conclusione'', ''ringraziamenti'', ''bibliografia''
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/80348