As a consequence of the increasingly open global competition caused by the higher pressure to reduce costs, to increase profit margins and, last but not least, to integrate the concept of sustainable development into the business strategy, companies operating in the western mature markets have progressively understood that complementing industrial goods with the provision of value added services can be an important lever in order to prosper on such markets affected by weak demand, and decreasing margins (Neely, 2009). The evolution of such complementing services, through a process called Servitization, has in fact been proved the potential to minimize environmental impacts of both production and consumption (Mont, 2002); hence, value added services have acquired a strategic role as a source of revenues, competitive advantage, and to attain sustainability (Goedkoop, et al., 1999) (Manzini, et al., 2001) (Mont, 2004). Among the different forms of service provisions, maintenance services have gained a preponderant status to contribute significantly to the competitive advantage of a manufacturer (Tsang, 2002). However, the provision of maintenance and related support services (Tsang, 2002) implied for the manufacturer some challenges regarding the different nature of services comparing to products (Pezzotta & Cavalieri, 2012).In this sense, the importance of creating new performance criteria, models and means of measuring outcomes is basilar in order to achieve success. Consequently the design and use of adequate Performance Measurement Systems (PMSs) is one of the major challenges that decision makers have to deal with (Gaiardelli, et al., 2007). A PMS – as traditionally conceived – focuses on a set of performance measures which helps to study cause-effect relationships through an analysis aimed at justifying lagging results as effect of leading factors. Two diverse methodologies are currently used for assessing performances: quantitative metrics used for directly measurable performances and maturity models which analyze intangible matters, such as good working practices or business rules, which are cannot be directly measurable. This work aims at analysing the criticalities and faults of current PMSs, by analyzing both of the previously mentioned methodologies in order to have the most comprehensive analysis of the possible tools that may be used for PMSs’ creation. Nonetheless, we would concentrate in this work on the quantitative, tangible indicators, providing a further in-depth on concepts with a direct interest for application in performance measurements within a maintenance service contract. This work then assumes that the major challenge, that has to be overcome, is to have a well-rounded and working approach for creating sustainability measures which could be used for a performance measurement framework that covers all relevant aspects for maintenance service providers. Besides considering traditional measures of Triple Bottom Line assessment sourced from many existent standards and frameworks (Arena, et al., 2009) (GRI 3.1, 2011) (ISO 26000, 2010) (Jarsch, 2000) (GRI+ISO 26000, 2011),the approach to face this challenge is provided by the integration of different frameworks for managing maintenance (Muchiri, et al., 2011) (Parida & Chattopadhyay, 2007) (Kumar, et al., 2013) and after-sales (Supply Chain Council, 2003) (Gaiardelli, et al., 2007). On the whole, the PMS proposed within this work intends to promote a consistent set of performance measures for maintenance services and sustainability performances.
Come conseguenza della competizione globale sempre più accesa, causata dalla maggiore pressione per ridurre i costi, aumentare i margini di profitto e, ultimo aspetto ma non meno importante, integrare il concetto di sviluppo sostenibile nella strategia di business, le imprese che operano nei mercati maturi occidentali hanno progressivamente compreso che l’integrazione dei propri prodotti con la fornitura di servizi a valore aggiunto può essere una leva importante per prosperare su tali mercati interessati dalla debolezza della domanda e dalla diminuzione dei margini ( Neely , 2009 ) . L'evoluzione di tali servizi complementari, attraverso un processo chiamato Servitization, ha, infatti, dimostrato la possibilità di ridurre al minimo l'impatto ambientale sia della produzione che del consumo (Mont , 2002) ; di conseguenza , i servizi a valore aggiunto hanno acquisito un ruolo strategico come fonte di ricavi , vantaggio competitivo e come percorso di sostenibilità ( Goedkoop , et al. , 1999) ( Manzini , et al. , 2001) (Mont , 2004) . Tra le diverse forme di fornitura di servizi, i servizi di manutenzione hanno acquisito grande rilevanza nel contribuire in modo rilevante al vantaggio competitivo di un produttore ( Tsang , 2002) . Tuttavia, la diversa natura dei servizi di manutenzione e dei relativi servizi di supporto ( Tsang , 2002) ha implicato per i produttori alcune sfide nella loro valutazione ( Pezzotta e Cavalieri , 2012 ) . In questo senso, l'importanza di creare nuovi criteri di performance, modelli e strumenti di misurazione dei risultati è evidente al fine di raggiungere il successo . Di conseguenza, la progettazione e l’utilizzo di adeguati sistemi di misurazione delle prestazioni(PMS ) costituiscono una delle principali sfide che i manager devono affrontare ( Gaiardelli , et al. , 2007) .. Un PMS - come tradizionalmente concepito - si concentra su una serie di misure di performance che aiutano a studiare le relazioni causa-effetto attraverso un'analisi dei risultati ‘lagging’ come effetto di fattori ‘leading’. Due metodologie diverse sono attualmente utilizzate per valutare le prestazioni : parametri quantitativi per la valutazione di prestazioni direttamente misurabili e modelli di maturità che analizzano le performance non tangibili, come le buone pratiche di lavoro o le regole di business , non direttamente misurabili . Questo lavoro si propone di analizzare le criticità e le mancanze dei PMS correnti, attraverso l’analisi di entrambe le metodologie precedentemente menzionate con lo scopo di avere una completa visione degli strumenti che si possono utilizzare per la creazione di un PMS. Tuttavia, in questo lavoro ci siamo concentrati sulle metriche quantitative, tangibili, fornendo un ulteriore approfondimento sui concetti di base e con un interesse diretto per l'applicazione degli indicatori delle prestazioni all'interno di un contratto di servizio di manutenzione . Questo lavoro assume quindi che la sfida principale da superare è quella di avere un approccio a tutto tondo: il fine è la creazione di misure di sostenibilità che possano essere utilizzate per un quadro di misurazione delle performance che copra tutti gli aspetti rilevanti per i fornitori di servizi di manutenzione . Oltre a considerare le misure tradizionali tipiche del ‘’Triple Bottom Line’’ , provenienti da molte norme esistenti ed autori ( Arena , et al. , 2009) ( GRI 3.1 , 2011) ( ISO 26000 , 2010) ( Jarsch , 2000) ( GRI + ISO 26000 , 2011) , l'approccio per affrontare questa sfida è orientato all’ integrazione di diversi sistemi attualmente usati per la valutazione delle performance nella manutenzione ( Muchiri , et al. , 2011) ( Parida & Chattopadhyay , 2007) ( Kumar , et al. , 2013) e nel post-vendita (SCOR , 2003) ( Gaiardelli , et al. , 2007) . Nel complesso , il framework proposto in questo lavoro intende promuovere un insieme coerente di misure di performance applicabili all’interezza dei servizi di manutenzione e delle performance di sostenibilità.
Performance based measurement for maintenance in a sustainability perspective
CAROLI, NICOLO'
2012/2013
Abstract
As a consequence of the increasingly open global competition caused by the higher pressure to reduce costs, to increase profit margins and, last but not least, to integrate the concept of sustainable development into the business strategy, companies operating in the western mature markets have progressively understood that complementing industrial goods with the provision of value added services can be an important lever in order to prosper on such markets affected by weak demand, and decreasing margins (Neely, 2009). The evolution of such complementing services, through a process called Servitization, has in fact been proved the potential to minimize environmental impacts of both production and consumption (Mont, 2002); hence, value added services have acquired a strategic role as a source of revenues, competitive advantage, and to attain sustainability (Goedkoop, et al., 1999) (Manzini, et al., 2001) (Mont, 2004). Among the different forms of service provisions, maintenance services have gained a preponderant status to contribute significantly to the competitive advantage of a manufacturer (Tsang, 2002). However, the provision of maintenance and related support services (Tsang, 2002) implied for the manufacturer some challenges regarding the different nature of services comparing to products (Pezzotta & Cavalieri, 2012).In this sense, the importance of creating new performance criteria, models and means of measuring outcomes is basilar in order to achieve success. Consequently the design and use of adequate Performance Measurement Systems (PMSs) is one of the major challenges that decision makers have to deal with (Gaiardelli, et al., 2007). A PMS – as traditionally conceived – focuses on a set of performance measures which helps to study cause-effect relationships through an analysis aimed at justifying lagging results as effect of leading factors. Two diverse methodologies are currently used for assessing performances: quantitative metrics used for directly measurable performances and maturity models which analyze intangible matters, such as good working practices or business rules, which are cannot be directly measurable. This work aims at analysing the criticalities and faults of current PMSs, by analyzing both of the previously mentioned methodologies in order to have the most comprehensive analysis of the possible tools that may be used for PMSs’ creation. Nonetheless, we would concentrate in this work on the quantitative, tangible indicators, providing a further in-depth on concepts with a direct interest for application in performance measurements within a maintenance service contract. This work then assumes that the major challenge, that has to be overcome, is to have a well-rounded and working approach for creating sustainability measures which could be used for a performance measurement framework that covers all relevant aspects for maintenance service providers. Besides considering traditional measures of Triple Bottom Line assessment sourced from many existent standards and frameworks (Arena, et al., 2009) (GRI 3.1, 2011) (ISO 26000, 2010) (Jarsch, 2000) (GRI+ISO 26000, 2011),the approach to face this challenge is provided by the integration of different frameworks for managing maintenance (Muchiri, et al., 2011) (Parida & Chattopadhyay, 2007) (Kumar, et al., 2013) and after-sales (Supply Chain Council, 2003) (Gaiardelli, et al., 2007). On the whole, the PMS proposed within this work intends to promote a consistent set of performance measures for maintenance services and sustainability performances.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/87126