In the present work of thesis a study on the degradation of five different polymers, Polyvinylchloride, Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, Polypropylene, High-density Polyethylene and Linear low-density Polyethylene is presented, examining in depth the degradation mechanism and consequences of UV light exposure. It was chosen to simulate solar light degradation in order to acquire information that could be used for the investigation of real cases. In particular during this work, the conservation conditions and mechanism of degradation of two 1960’s design desk lamp were studied. Specimens of the previously listed polymers were subjected to a accelerated aging process using an Arc Xenon lamp, and degradation was monitored at several time intervals until a maximum of 700 hours, in the case of PVC, or, for the remaining plastics, 1000 hours of aging. All the specimens were analysed with traditional methods of characterization, such as FTIR spectroscopy, Microscope observation, Colorimetric analysis and SEM analysis. Furthermore an innovative method of analysis, the scratch test, was used to support the characterization. With this kind of test, variations in the mechanical properties of the most superficial layers, as a consequence of degradation, can be detected, such as changes in hardness, ductility or brittleness. This technique is of great interest because it is micro-invasive and provide information that it is not possible to obtain with the other more traditional techniques. Comparison between the results of characterization analyses at different aging time are shown for each polymer and discussed in terms of their degradation development. The analyses carried out on the two case studies were aimed at defining their constituent polymers and conservation conditions. Moreover an analysis of samples taken at increasing depth from the surface was performed in different areas of the lamps, allowing to draw consideration about the degree of degradation for each significant area of the lamps. In the final part of this research work, some preliminary tests were performed on the most aged specimens with the purpose of defining new conservation treatments for design manufactures collected in museum. In particular some additives were tested with the scope of reducing the surface yellowing, one of the more evident consequences of photo oxidation.
Nel presente lavoro di tesi viene presentato uno studio sul degrado di cinque differenti polimeri, Polivinilcloruro, Acrilonitrile butadiene stirene, Polietilene ad alta densità e Polietilene lineare a bassa densità, esaminando in particolare il meccanismo e le conseguenze dell’esposizione alla luce UV. È stato scelto di simulare il degrado dovuto alla luce solare al fine di acquisire informazioni utili allo studio di casi reali. In particolare, durante questo lavoro sono state studiate le condizioni di conservazione e il meccanismo di degrado di due lampade di design degli anni ’60. Campioni dei polimeri elencati precedentemente sono stati sottoposti a un processo di invecchiamento accelerato utilizzando una lampada allo Xeno, e il degrado è stato monitorato a diversi intervalli di tempo fino a un massimo di 700 ore, nel caso del PVC, e di 1000 ore per le plastiche rimanenti. Tutti i campioni sono stati analizzati con i metodi di caratterizzazione tradizionali, quali la spettroscopia FTIR, l’osservazione al microscopio, l’analisi colorimetrica e l’analisi SEM. Inoltre, un metodo investigativo innovativo, lo scratch test, è stato usato per rafforzare la caratterizzazione. Con questo tipo di test posso essere identificate variazioni nelle proprietà meccaniche dello strato più superficiale dovute al degrado, come cambiamenti relativi alla durezza, alla duttilità o alla fragilità. Essendo micro-invasiva questa risulta essere una tecnica molto interessante e fornisce informazioni che, con tecniche tradizionali, sarebbero difficili da ottenere. Per ogni polimero, vengono mostrati confronti tra i risultati delle analisi di caratterizzazione per diversi tempi di invecchiamento e discussi in termini di sviluppo del degrado. Le analisi svolte sui casi studio sono state volte a definire i polimeri costituenti e le condizioni di conservazione. Inoltre, lo studio di campioni prelevati sia superficialmente che in profondità in varie zone delle due lampade hanno permesso di trarre considerazioni circa lo sviluppo del degrado per ciascuna area significativa delle due lampade. Nella parte finale di questo lavoro di ricerca, sono stati svolti test preliminari sui campioni più degradati con lo scopo di definire nuovi trattamenti di conservazione per manufatti di design presenti nei musei. In particolare sono stati testati alcuni additivi al fine di ridurre l’ingiallimento superficiale, una delle conseguenze più evidenti della foto ossidazione.
Degradation study on polymeric materials used for design manufactures
CASSINARI, LUCIA
2012/2013
Abstract
In the present work of thesis a study on the degradation of five different polymers, Polyvinylchloride, Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, Polypropylene, High-density Polyethylene and Linear low-density Polyethylene is presented, examining in depth the degradation mechanism and consequences of UV light exposure. It was chosen to simulate solar light degradation in order to acquire information that could be used for the investigation of real cases. In particular during this work, the conservation conditions and mechanism of degradation of two 1960’s design desk lamp were studied. Specimens of the previously listed polymers were subjected to a accelerated aging process using an Arc Xenon lamp, and degradation was monitored at several time intervals until a maximum of 700 hours, in the case of PVC, or, for the remaining plastics, 1000 hours of aging. All the specimens were analysed with traditional methods of characterization, such as FTIR spectroscopy, Microscope observation, Colorimetric analysis and SEM analysis. Furthermore an innovative method of analysis, the scratch test, was used to support the characterization. With this kind of test, variations in the mechanical properties of the most superficial layers, as a consequence of degradation, can be detected, such as changes in hardness, ductility or brittleness. This technique is of great interest because it is micro-invasive and provide information that it is not possible to obtain with the other more traditional techniques. Comparison between the results of characterization analyses at different aging time are shown for each polymer and discussed in terms of their degradation development. The analyses carried out on the two case studies were aimed at defining their constituent polymers and conservation conditions. Moreover an analysis of samples taken at increasing depth from the surface was performed in different areas of the lamps, allowing to draw consideration about the degree of degradation for each significant area of the lamps. In the final part of this research work, some preliminary tests were performed on the most aged specimens with the purpose of defining new conservation treatments for design manufactures collected in museum. In particular some additives were tested with the scope of reducing the surface yellowing, one of the more evident consequences of photo oxidation.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/88384