The European Union policies, aimed at promoting the renewable energy sources deployment, will lead to an energy scenario characterized by an increase of distributed generation and variable generation from not dispatchable energy sources. According to (IEA 2012b), in many European countries variable renewable energy sources, such as wind power and solar power, will account for a large part of energy supply. In this future Scenario, energy storage systems could play a key role, increasing power system flexibility and ensuring the reliability and security of the electricity grid. The first part of this study uses the real output data of six wind farms located in the North West of England to analyze the variability of wind power and to determine which areas of the power system are more affected by wind intermittency. The second part of this thesis work examines the potential role of energy storage systems, especially focusing on the energy storage applications more relevant for wind power integration. The main aim of this study is to develop an economic model to determine the technical and economic conditions for energy storage technologies profitability. The model developed allows to evaluate the profitability of any storage technologies in a specific electricity market. Knowing the value of the O&M costs of energy storage process it is possible to determine for which technology capital cost energy storage systems can operate price arbitrage and operating reserve applications generating profit or which are the incentives that storages systems require to generate profit. Similarly, starting from the technology capital cost of a given storage technology, the model allows the assessment of the round trip efficiency required to reach the profitability condition and determines the optimal storage capacity. The model developed is applied to the UK power system to evaluate the profitability of Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) and Pumped Hydro Storage (PHS) power plants and to determine which are the improvement in round trip efficiency and technology cost that they require to become profitable.
Le politiche energetiche dell’Unione Europea, volte alle promozione della produzione di potenza da fonti di energia rinnovabili, fanno pensare ad un futuro scenario energetico sempre più caratterizzato da generazione di potenza diffusa e da fonti di energia altamente variabili e non dispacciabili. In molti paesi europei infatti, fonti di energia rinnovabile come l’energia eolica o l’energia solare contribuiranno in modo sostanziale alla soddisfazione della domanda energetica (IEA 2012b). In questo scenario futuro, i sistemi di accumulo di energia potrebbero svolgere un ruolo chiave, aumentando la flessibilità del sistema elettrico e garantendone la sicurezza e affidabilità. La prima parte di questo lavoro di tesi analizza la variabilità dell’energia eolica basandosi sui dati reali di sei Wind Farm Offshore nel Nord Ovest dell’Inghilterra. Tramite l’analisi della variabilità, questo studio vuole determinare quali siano le aree del sistema elettrico maggiormente colpite dalla crescente integrazione di energia eolica e cerca di valutare l’entità dell’impatto della generazione variabile su di esse. La seconda parte di questo lavoro di tesi analizza invece il potenziale ruolo futuro dei sistemi di accumulo esaminando le applicazioni che potrebbero maggiormente facilitare l’integrazione dell’energia eolica nel settore energetico. Lo scopo principale di questo progetto è quello di creare un modello economico in grado di definire le condizioni minime, dal punto di vista tecnico ed economico, per la profittabilità dei sistemi di accumulo. Il modello economico ottenuto permette di valutare la profittabilità di qualsiasi sistema di accumulo in uno specifico mercato elettrico e definisce, sulla base dei costi operativi di stoccaggio, i costi di investimento massimi o gli incentivi necessari per svolgere le operazioni di Price Arbitrage e Operating Reserve generando profitti. Analogamente partendo dal costo d’investimento di una determinata tecnologia di stoccaggio, il modello, permette di valutare l’efficienza minima necessaria per raggiungere la condizione di profittabilità e determina la capacità di stoccaggio ottima. Il modello sviluppato viene applicato all’attuale sistema elettrico inglese e sono valutate le condizioni di profittabilità degli impianti Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) e Pumped Hydro Storage (PHS).
Technical and economic study on energy storage systems feasibility in a power system with high penetration of wind power
PALERMA, EMANUELE
2012/2013
Abstract
The European Union policies, aimed at promoting the renewable energy sources deployment, will lead to an energy scenario characterized by an increase of distributed generation and variable generation from not dispatchable energy sources. According to (IEA 2012b), in many European countries variable renewable energy sources, such as wind power and solar power, will account for a large part of energy supply. In this future Scenario, energy storage systems could play a key role, increasing power system flexibility and ensuring the reliability and security of the electricity grid. The first part of this study uses the real output data of six wind farms located in the North West of England to analyze the variability of wind power and to determine which areas of the power system are more affected by wind intermittency. The second part of this thesis work examines the potential role of energy storage systems, especially focusing on the energy storage applications more relevant for wind power integration. The main aim of this study is to develop an economic model to determine the technical and economic conditions for energy storage technologies profitability. The model developed allows to evaluate the profitability of any storage technologies in a specific electricity market. Knowing the value of the O&M costs of energy storage process it is possible to determine for which technology capital cost energy storage systems can operate price arbitrage and operating reserve applications generating profit or which are the incentives that storages systems require to generate profit. Similarly, starting from the technology capital cost of a given storage technology, the model allows the assessment of the round trip efficiency required to reach the profitability condition and determines the optimal storage capacity. The model developed is applied to the UK power system to evaluate the profitability of Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) and Pumped Hydro Storage (PHS) power plants and to determine which are the improvement in round trip efficiency and technology cost that they require to become profitable.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/90965