Traditional business models and success factors of music industry’s landscape are undergoing significant changes. The rapid diffusion of information and communication technologies are transforming modern economies and societies, threatening some established creative businesses such as recorded music industry based on the exploitation of copyright, now struggling to adapt, suffering a massive loss in profits over the past decade after P2P music services launch in 1999. Digital distribution of files and user generated content platforms have provided consumers with new ways of sharing and searching digital content, with most of the content shared illegally, dismantling each aspect of recorded music industry value chains from production, where digital tools are transforming the creative process, to distribution, with new platforms and consumption with new devices. Today, thanks to pervasive media, consumers want to watch, listen and read anytime anywhere and desire for participatory, interactive entertainment and tailored media experiences in a more personal two-way relationship between companies and their customers. The opportunities of direct engagement between artists and consumers via the web and mobile technology, the availability and low cost mean of production and distribution of music products effectively reduce the artist and consumer reliance on music intermediaries and create the opportunities of direct engagement between artists and consumers turning out the role of major record to be redundant. Majors failed at meeting this new consumer demand and adopted repression and restrictions as strategic responses to the emergence of P2P networks enabling piracy and responded to MP3-crisis with a costs and risk reduction to focus more on hit-makers and focus less about developing musical talent leaving space for numerous online music services to grow: internet radio, online music stores, subscription services, video platforms, cloud music storage and social networks are the new key players of music industry, racing to respond to consumers’ anytime/anywhere demand for content to experience with access and context model service. So how can major music labels be competitive with free, piracy and streaming in this ever growing and evolving environment? The challenge of majors record labels is to shift from a copyrighted product provider to a service provide and to become a new intermediary able to connect artists, users and partners in new profitable ways, to reinvent and expand the value proposition through innovation and to create alternative sources of revenues shifting to other channels, in order to rely less on music sales and better respond to the consumer needs’ of more engaging experiences. Strategic pillars to design a new experimental business unit include going far from the traditional risk-adverse policy of investing in big and established artists to nurture niche emerging and talented artists open to Innovative IP management systems as Creative Commons (CC) at various flexibility degrees, generating consumer involvement giving them a reason to buy a constellation of exclusive and on-demand products created around free music diffusion and exploiting music licensing to third parties endorsing music for commercial purpose.Uncommon is a music providers based on a digital platform aimed at promoting creative innovation thanks to an opening toward CC licenses, the application of a new business model and personalized music diffusion to users and business. Uncommon connects new artists and the audience to create customized music experiences distributing CC licensed free music and exclusive contents to users and customized music packages to business sectors. By understanding what connected consumer wants thanks to Big Data gathering, major can on one side give users the opportunity to be constantly equipped with the right music for each context and mood, to be in contact with artists and included in their career and to be immersed in exclusive premium experiences and on the other side they can serve, with tailored music packages, those business endorsing background music diffusion to shape brand identity and drive sales. Helping artists to connect with their fans, empowering audiences to find their best musical experience capitalizing on their enthusiasm, loyalty and engagement and shaping deals with business can be successful keys to become a new intermediate, to rebuild a positive firm reputation and re-gain a relevant and competitive position in the music market.
I modelli di business dell’industria musicale e il loro tradizionale successo stanno subendo significativi cambiamenti. La rapida diffusione delle tecnologie informatiche e le nuove forme di comunicazione stanno trasformando l’economia moderna, minacciando alcune industrie creative affermate, come industria discografica basata sul management del diritto d’autore, che ora sta lottando per adattarsi ai rapidi cambiamenti e per contrastare le massicce perdite subite nell’ultimo decennio, come conseguenza dell’avvento di servizi musicali P2P nel 1999. La distribuzione di file digitali e lo sviluppo di piattaforme con contenuti user-generated hanno fornito ai consumatori nuovi modi di condivisione e ricerca di contenuti, spesso illegali, smantellando ogni passaggio della catena della creazione del valore dell’industria discografica: dalla produzione, dove nuovi strumenti digitali stanno trasformando il processo creativo, alla distribuzione, alle nuove piattaforme e al consumo tramite i nuovi dispositivi. In un contesto di pervasive media, i consumatori vogliono vedere, ascoltare e leggere sempre e dovunque; il desiderio di partecipazione e di intrattenimento interattivo e personalizzato sta generando relazioni dirette tra le aziende e i loro consumatori. Le opportunità di coinvolgimento diretto tra artisti e consumatori attraverso il web e la tecnologia mobile, la disponibilità e la riduzione dei costi di produzione e distribuzione dei prodotti musicali avvicinano sempre più artisti e consumatori trasformando il ruolo di intermediario (Gatekeepers) delle major labels, ora ridondante. Le major labels, incapaci di soddisfare le nuove esigenze dei consumatori hanno adottato repressione e restrizione come strategie di contrasto contro l’avvento delle reti P2P, il dilagare della la pirateria e hanno risposto alla crisi dei prodotti innescata dall’avvento del MP3 con una riduzione dei costi e dei rischi. Focalizzando gli investimenti su artisti commerciali da hit e trascurando la promozione di nuovi talenti musicali, le major hanno lasciato campo libero ai nuovi servizi musicali online, liberi ora di svilupparsi nel mercato: le internet radio, gli on-line stores, gli streaming services in abbonamento, le piattaforme video, i servizi di cloud storage e i social network sono i nuovi protagonisti del mondo musicale, in stretta competizione per rispondere al meglio alla nuova richiesta del consumatore di contenuti accessibili ovunque e in ogni momento. Come possono quindi le grandi etichette discografiche tornare essere competitivi con l’accessibilità, la gratutità della pirateria e i nuovi servizi musicali, in un contesto di continua crescita e continua evoluzione? La sfida delle majors sarà il sapersi trasformare da providers e distributori di prodotti protetti da copyright a providers di servizi, per diventare nuovi intermediari in grado di connettere artisti, utenti e partners. Al fine di dipendere meno dalle vendite di registrazioni musicali e rispondere in modo più adeguato alle esigenze dei consumatori che chiedono esperienze più coinvolgenti, le majors dovranno reinventare ed ampliare la loro offerta in modo innovativo; l’ inserimento dei servizi in nuovi canali permetterà quindi la creazione di fonti di guadagno alternative. Le direttive strategiche per la riprogettazione una nuova business unit sperimentale comprendono un allontanamento dalla tradizionale politiper concentrarsi invece sullo sviluppo di nuove nicchie di artisti emergenti aperti agli innovativi sistemi di gestione del diritto d’autori, come i Creative Commons ( CC ), permettendo la diffusione gratuita di musica di qualità, il coinvolgimento dei consumatori, ai quali offrire una costellazione di prodotti on- demand esclusivi ed un nuovo servizio di licensing online per quei settori business che intendano servirsi della musica come potente leva di marketing e differenziazione. Uncommon è un provider di servizi musicali basato su una piattaforma digitale volto a promuovere l’innovazione creativa grazie ad un’apertura verso licenze CC, l’applicazione di un nuovo modello di business per la diffusione musicale. Uncommon connette i nuovi artisti e l’audience al fine di creare esperienze musicali personalizzate basate sulla distribuzione agli utenti di musica gratuita con licenze Creative Commons, contenuti on-demand esclusivi e pacchetti di licenze musicali alle imprese per la diffusione di musica a scopi commerciali. Collezionando ed analizzando i Big Data generati grazie all’uso della piattaforma e dal music tagging, le major potranno da un lato servire in modo più accurato e personale gli utenti, fornendo loro musica adatta ad ogni contesto, attività, posto o mood più la posssibilità di immergersi in nuove esperienze premium in maggior contatto con gli artisti e dall’altro lato potranno clusterizzare i comportamenti e le esigenze degli utenti per meglio servire quelle attività di business che reclutano la musica come strumento per l’affermazione del brand e per incrementare le vendite. Aiutare gli artisti a connettersi con i loro fan, sostenere il pubblico nella ricerca di una migliore esperienza musicale facendo leva su entusiasmo, lealtà e coinvolgimento e stabilire nuove partnerships con il settore business possono diventare fattori chiave di successo per le Big Three major labels al fine di diventare nuovi attori di intermediazione, competitivi e di solida reputazione.
Revamping major record labels business models. Towards a new brokerage way
LEONARDI, CHIARA
2012/2013
Abstract
Traditional business models and success factors of music industry’s landscape are undergoing significant changes. The rapid diffusion of information and communication technologies are transforming modern economies and societies, threatening some established creative businesses such as recorded music industry based on the exploitation of copyright, now struggling to adapt, suffering a massive loss in profits over the past decade after P2P music services launch in 1999. Digital distribution of files and user generated content platforms have provided consumers with new ways of sharing and searching digital content, with most of the content shared illegally, dismantling each aspect of recorded music industry value chains from production, where digital tools are transforming the creative process, to distribution, with new platforms and consumption with new devices. Today, thanks to pervasive media, consumers want to watch, listen and read anytime anywhere and desire for participatory, interactive entertainment and tailored media experiences in a more personal two-way relationship between companies and their customers. The opportunities of direct engagement between artists and consumers via the web and mobile technology, the availability and low cost mean of production and distribution of music products effectively reduce the artist and consumer reliance on music intermediaries and create the opportunities of direct engagement between artists and consumers turning out the role of major record to be redundant. Majors failed at meeting this new consumer demand and adopted repression and restrictions as strategic responses to the emergence of P2P networks enabling piracy and responded to MP3-crisis with a costs and risk reduction to focus more on hit-makers and focus less about developing musical talent leaving space for numerous online music services to grow: internet radio, online music stores, subscription services, video platforms, cloud music storage and social networks are the new key players of music industry, racing to respond to consumers’ anytime/anywhere demand for content to experience with access and context model service. So how can major music labels be competitive with free, piracy and streaming in this ever growing and evolving environment? The challenge of majors record labels is to shift from a copyrighted product provider to a service provide and to become a new intermediary able to connect artists, users and partners in new profitable ways, to reinvent and expand the value proposition through innovation and to create alternative sources of revenues shifting to other channels, in order to rely less on music sales and better respond to the consumer needs’ of more engaging experiences. Strategic pillars to design a new experimental business unit include going far from the traditional risk-adverse policy of investing in big and established artists to nurture niche emerging and talented artists open to Innovative IP management systems as Creative Commons (CC) at various flexibility degrees, generating consumer involvement giving them a reason to buy a constellation of exclusive and on-demand products created around free music diffusion and exploiting music licensing to third parties endorsing music for commercial purpose.Uncommon is a music providers based on a digital platform aimed at promoting creative innovation thanks to an opening toward CC licenses, the application of a new business model and personalized music diffusion to users and business. Uncommon connects new artists and the audience to create customized music experiences distributing CC licensed free music and exclusive contents to users and customized music packages to business sectors. By understanding what connected consumer wants thanks to Big Data gathering, major can on one side give users the opportunity to be constantly equipped with the right music for each context and mood, to be in contact with artists and included in their career and to be immersed in exclusive premium experiences and on the other side they can serve, with tailored music packages, those business endorsing background music diffusion to shape brand identity and drive sales. Helping artists to connect with their fans, empowering audiences to find their best musical experience capitalizing on their enthusiasm, loyalty and engagement and shaping deals with business can be successful keys to become a new intermediate, to rebuild a positive firm reputation and re-gain a relevant and competitive position in the music market.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/93089