Dust pollution is a complex problem of growing interest because of its environmental, health, economic and political impact. It is characterized by various mechanisms of action, closely related to the size of the particles and their composition. In order to manage adequately these issues, a right characterization of these parameters is required, as well as the determination of the source term to be combined into dispersion calculation. The source term model should be as simple as possible in order to be easily connected to a more complex algorithm for the dispersion calculations, characterized by low time consumption and the most accurately possible. This work will be focused on mineral storage piles, mostly found into mining industry, for which the source term is usually modeled by means of AP – 42 US EPA standard. Unfortunately, this algorithm overestimate emissions, especially if coupled with a Gaussian dispersion model, leading to inaccurate results. Starting from these observation, an alternative methodology was designed, to enhance accuracy in concentration estimate as well as pollutant spatial distribution. In this work, the source term prevision obtained from the application of the traditional algorithm and the new one were compared using the AERMOD dispersion model, obtaining, as expected, a same order quantitative prevision and a better estimate of spatial distribution.
L’inquinamento da polveri costituisce un problema di crescente interesse a causa del suo impatto a livello igienistico, ambientale, economico, e politico. Il fenomeno si caratterizza per i molteplici meccanismi di azione possibili, strettamente collegati al taglio dimensionale delle particelle ed alla loro composizione. Ai fini della gestione del problema è importante procedere all’adeguata caratterizzazione di tali parametri, attività complessa dal punto di vista operativo, nonché alla determinazione del termine di sorgente da abbinare a calcoli di dispersione, caratterizzati da economicità e semplicità di implementazione. Ai fini di questo lavoro, l’attenzione è stata concentrata sui cumuli di materiale minerale tipici dell’industria mineraria, sorgente usualmente modellata a mezzo della metodologia proposta dalla norma tecnica AP – 42 dell’US EPA. L’algoritmo proposto presenta, tuttavia, lacune significative in grado di minarne la previsione, specie quando abbinato a modelli di dispersione, portando a risultati poco accurati. A partire da queste considerazioni è stata elaborata una metodologia alternativa, che trae spunto da quella tradizionale, con l’obiettivo di ottenere un miglioramento sia della stima quantitativa che della distribuzione spaziale. Le due vie sono state confrontate in abbinamento al modello di dispersione gaussiano AERMOD ed i risultati delle simulazioni hanno evidenziato il mantenimento dell’ordine di grandezza per la previsione unitamente alla migliorata distribuzione spaziale dell’inquinante, maggiormente attinente all’effettiva azione del vento in termini di intensità e direzionalità, parametri fondamentali per la fase di dispersione.
Emissioni e dispersioni di polveri da parchi minerali
ROMEO, ANDREA
2013/2014
Abstract
Dust pollution is a complex problem of growing interest because of its environmental, health, economic and political impact. It is characterized by various mechanisms of action, closely related to the size of the particles and their composition. In order to manage adequately these issues, a right characterization of these parameters is required, as well as the determination of the source term to be combined into dispersion calculation. The source term model should be as simple as possible in order to be easily connected to a more complex algorithm for the dispersion calculations, characterized by low time consumption and the most accurately possible. This work will be focused on mineral storage piles, mostly found into mining industry, for which the source term is usually modeled by means of AP – 42 US EPA standard. Unfortunately, this algorithm overestimate emissions, especially if coupled with a Gaussian dispersion model, leading to inaccurate results. Starting from these observation, an alternative methodology was designed, to enhance accuracy in concentration estimate as well as pollutant spatial distribution. In this work, the source term prevision obtained from the application of the traditional algorithm and the new one were compared using the AERMOD dispersion model, obtaining, as expected, a same order quantitative prevision and a better estimate of spatial distribution.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/94078