The aim of this thesis is a feasibility study of a stand-alone hybrid plant that uses biomass and solar energy to produce electricity, in order to contribute to solve the problem of rural electrification. The selected study site is Ouango, a town in the prefecture of Mbomou, Central African Republic. I started supposing some electrical loads useful for the lifestyle improvement of Ouango, taking inspiration from the World Energy Outlook 2013 definition of energy access. I searched irradiation data of the site using PVGIS and chose the components of the 12 kWp solar power plant. Then, I looked for information about biomass available on site and I had to make some hypotheses about waste types and the relating quantities, due to the lack of updated data. I characterized the residues using Phyllis2 and Feedipedia and selected the most suitable for the biomass plant, considering the ash percentage, the moisture content and the HHV. For converting the biomass to energy I chose a 100 kW BioMax® gasifier and a 30 kW wood chipper. I used HOMER to model and simulate the hybrid plant, trying different sizes of solar panels, gasfiers and batteries, to individuate the best configuration that minimizes the Cost Of Energy (COE). This configuration is made up of 12 kW of photovoltaic panels, a 100 kW biomass plant, twelve 1500 Ah batteries with diluted sulphuric acid electrolyte and six 6 kW converters. Resulting COE is 0,258 €/kWh. I also made simulations of a traditional diesel plant, because at present the electricity in rural areas is generated only with diesel generators. The comparison between the hybrid solution and the traditional solution shows that even if the hybrid plant has larger costs of investment, diesel generators have high cost of fuel and this implies that the COE of the diesel solution is 0,717 €/kWh (about 65% higher than in the case of the hybrid plant). I tried different models of the hybrid plant, reducing biomass and modifying the working hours of the wood chipper and the results are still in favour of the hybrid installation, so this feasibility study demonstrates that an off-grid hybrid plant could be a good solution for the rural area electrification.
L'intento di questa tesi è realizzare lo studio di fattibilità di un impianto ibrido non connesso alla rete, che utilizza energia solare e biomassa per produrre elettricità in una zona rurale: Ouango, una piccola città della Repubblica Centrafricana. Traendo ispirazione dalla definizione di accesso all’energia del World Energy Outlook 2013, ho ipotizzato dei carichi elettrici utili per il miglioramento dello stile di vita di Ouango. Ho ricercato i dati dell’irraggiamento della zona utilizzando PVGIS e scelto i componenti dell’impianto solare da 12 kWp. Ho cercato poi informazioni riguardo alla biomassa autoctona e formulato alcune ipotesi riguardo i tipi e le quantità di residui, dato che non esistono dati aggiornati. Ho caratterizzato i residui utilizzando Phyllis2 e Feedipedia e ho selezionato quelli più adatti per l’impianto a biomassa, tenendo in conto la percentuale di ceneri, il contenuto di umidità ed il potere calorifico superiore. Per convertire la biomassa in energia ho scelto di usare un gassificatore BioMax® da 100 kW e una cippatrice da 30 kW. Ho utilizzato HOMER per modellizzare e simulare l’impianto ibrido, considerando diverse taglie di pannelli fotovoltaici, gassificatori e batterie per individuare la configurazione che minimizzasse il costo dell’energia. Questa configurazione è composta da 12 kW di pannelli, un gassificatore da 100 kW, dodici batterie da 1500 Ah ad acido solforico diluito e sei convertitori da 6 kW. Il risultante costo dell’energia è 0,258 €/kWh. Ho anche effettuato delle simulazioni di un impianto diesel tradizionale, che attualmente è l’unica risorsa per generare elettricità nelle aree rurali. Il confronto tra l’impianto ibrido e quello tradizionale mostra che il costo dell’energia di un impianto a diesel è più alto rispetto a quello ibrido (0,717 €/kWh), anche se l’investimento iniziale di quest’ultimo è maggiore. Ho anche modellizzato in diversi modi l’impianto ibrido, riducendo la biomassa e modificando le ore di funzionamento della cippatrice, giungendo sempre alla conclusione che l’impianto ibrido off-grid potrebbe essere una buona soluzione all’elettrificazione delle aree rurali.
Feasibility study of a hybrid power plant that uses biomass and solar energy. Location : Ouango, Central African Republic (Africa)
BULFONE, DANIA
2013/2014
Abstract
The aim of this thesis is a feasibility study of a stand-alone hybrid plant that uses biomass and solar energy to produce electricity, in order to contribute to solve the problem of rural electrification. The selected study site is Ouango, a town in the prefecture of Mbomou, Central African Republic. I started supposing some electrical loads useful for the lifestyle improvement of Ouango, taking inspiration from the World Energy Outlook 2013 definition of energy access. I searched irradiation data of the site using PVGIS and chose the components of the 12 kWp solar power plant. Then, I looked for information about biomass available on site and I had to make some hypotheses about waste types and the relating quantities, due to the lack of updated data. I characterized the residues using Phyllis2 and Feedipedia and selected the most suitable for the biomass plant, considering the ash percentage, the moisture content and the HHV. For converting the biomass to energy I chose a 100 kW BioMax® gasifier and a 30 kW wood chipper. I used HOMER to model and simulate the hybrid plant, trying different sizes of solar panels, gasfiers and batteries, to individuate the best configuration that minimizes the Cost Of Energy (COE). This configuration is made up of 12 kW of photovoltaic panels, a 100 kW biomass plant, twelve 1500 Ah batteries with diluted sulphuric acid electrolyte and six 6 kW converters. Resulting COE is 0,258 €/kWh. I also made simulations of a traditional diesel plant, because at present the electricity in rural areas is generated only with diesel generators. The comparison between the hybrid solution and the traditional solution shows that even if the hybrid plant has larger costs of investment, diesel generators have high cost of fuel and this implies that the COE of the diesel solution is 0,717 €/kWh (about 65% higher than in the case of the hybrid plant). I tried different models of the hybrid plant, reducing biomass and modifying the working hours of the wood chipper and the results are still in favour of the hybrid installation, so this feasibility study demonstrates that an off-grid hybrid plant could be a good solution for the rural area electrification.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/94741