Construction project are becoming much more complex and difficult to manage. As a response Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has been developing at a very fast pace. The major shift in ICT for the Architecture Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry is the proliferation of Building Information Modeling (BIM) in industrial and academic circles (Bryde, Broquetas, & Volm, 2013). The belief is that BIM adoption will mean building and infrastructure projects set up and completed faster, in a more economical and sustainable way. Moreover BIM embracement is going to grow continuously and in all likelihood it will become an important competitive factor on the international level. The American National BIM Standard defines BIM as a digital representation of physical and functional characteristics of a facility. As such it serves as a shared knowledge resource for information about a facility forming a reliable basis for decisions during its life cycle, defined as existing from earliest conception to demolition (NationalBIMStandard, 2014). This definition suggests that it not only part of a design field but also of a project management one, which is confirmed as the dominant model in many organizations for strategy implementation, business transformation, continuous improvement and new product development. The research work is originated from the understanding of the relationship gap between BIM and project management in a managerial perspective. The investigation regards the relations in both directions. Experts affirm that project management is necessary for BIM and that BIM is a very useful support for project managers. The thesis’ objective is to assess the current situation, the future one – the vision – and the process to arrive to that point – the way. So the research first deeply analyses the two worlds of project management and BIM, all in a stakeholder perspective. In particular the study on the current situation regards: stakeholders positioning and interest toward BIM, current practice, Government and industry role. The vision regards the expectation of BIM in the AEC sector in the medium term (10-15 years), the way instead the adoption process of BIM. In order to reach the work’s aim two research methods were used: literature review and direct interview. Direct interviews were addressed to a portfolio of stakeholders of the AEC sector, e.g. project manager, architect, BIM expert, software reseller, building developer owner, innovation manager. The context of the research was mainly European con particular focus on the Mediterranean countries, most of the interviewees in fact were Italian or Croatian. The findings regard the key stakeholders in the AEC industry in regards to BIM; the willingness and the actions of the Governments in the different countries with the identification of the leading ones; and the situation and the readiness of the market in the different countries with the identification of five scenarios. After the vision of the situation in the middle term regarding BIM adoption and its likely contexts, the findings regard the process, as said above. In particular: the driving forces in the adoption of BIM and the adoption process at a network level with the identification and the analysis of five scenarios. The last findings regard the influences between BIM and project management, and in particular the influences of BIM in respects to project management competences and process (through two standards – ICB and ISO 21500).
I progetti di costruzione stanno diventando sempre più complessi e difficili da gestire. In risposta l’Information and Communication Technology (ICT) si sta evolvendo molto velocemente. In particolare il più grosso cambiamento dell’ICT per il settore dell’architettura, dell’ingegneria e delle costruzioni è la proliferazione del Building Information Modeling (BIM) in ambienti industriali e accademici (Bryde, Broquetas, & Volm, 2013). La convinzione è che l’adozione del BIM significherà progetti di immobili e infrastrutture pianificati e completati più velocemente, in maniera più economica e sostenibile. In aggiunta il trend continuerà a crescere e con tutta probabilità il BIM diventerà un importante fattore competitivo a livello internazionale. L’ American National BIM Standard definisce il BIM come rappresentazione digitale di caratteristiche fisiche e funzionali di una facility. Ha quindi la funzione di risorsa di conoscenza condivisa riguardo tutte le informazioni di una facility, formando perciò una base affidabile per le gestione delle decisioni durante tutto il ciclo di vita, dalla fase embrionale alla demolizione. Questa definizione suggerisce che non sia solo parte del mondo del design e dell’architettura ma che faccia anche parte del mondo del project management, mondo che è confermato essere il modello dominante in molte organizzazioni per l’implementazione strategica, la trasformazione del business, il continuo miglioramento e l’evoluzione di nuovi prodotti. Il lavoro di ricerca nasce della comprensione della lacuna relazionale tra BIM e project management in una prospettiva manageriale. L’investigazione riguarda la relazione in entrambi i sensi. Infatti esperti affermano che il project management sia necessario per il BIM e che il BIM sia un importante supporto per la figura del project manager. L’obiettivo della tesi è il capire la situazione attuale, quella futura – la visione – e il processo per arrivare a tale punto – il percorso. Quindi la ricerca nella prima fase analizza profondamente i due mondi di project management e BIM, tutto in un prospettiva di attori di progetto. In particolare lo studio della situazione attuale riguarda quanto segue: il posizionamento e l’interesse degli attori rispetto al BIM, il livello di adozione, e il ruolo dei Governi e delle industrie. La visione riguarda l’aspettativa del BIM nel settore architettonico, ingegneristico e costruttivo nel medio termine (10-15 anni), il percorso invece il suo processo di adozione. Per raggiungere l’obiettivo di ricerca sono state usate due metodologie: l’analisi della letteratura e le interviste dirette. Le interviste sono state rivolte a una rosa di attori del settore, a seguire un elenco delle figure intervistate: project managers, architetti, esperti in BIM, venditori software, amministratori delegato di imprese costruttiva, managers dell’innovazione. Il contesto della ricerca era principalmente quello Europeo con particolare attenzione alle nazioni mediterranee, infatti la maggior parte degli intervistati era Italiana o Croata. Le scoperte riguardano quanto segue: gli attori chiave del settore rispetto al BIM; la volontà e le azioni dei Governi nelle differenti nazioni arrivando quindi all’ identificazione di quelle leader; e la situazione e la fertilità dei mercati nelle differenti nazioni con l’identificazione di cinque scenari. Dopo la visione dell’evoluzione del BIM e dei suoi contesti più probabili nel medio termine, le scoperte riguardano il processo, come prima accennato. In particolare: le forze guida nell’adozione del BIM e il processo di adozione a livello di network con l’identificazione e l’analisi di cinque scenari. Le ultime scoperte riguardano infine le influenze tra BIM e project management, e in particolare le influenze del BIM rispetto alle competenze e ai processi di project management (tramite l’analisi di due standards di project management – ICB e ISO 21500).
Building information modeling (BIM) and project management : a stakeholder perspective. Guidelines for the successful implementation of BIM
TRAVAGLINI, AGNESE
2013/2014
Abstract
Construction project are becoming much more complex and difficult to manage. As a response Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has been developing at a very fast pace. The major shift in ICT for the Architecture Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry is the proliferation of Building Information Modeling (BIM) in industrial and academic circles (Bryde, Broquetas, & Volm, 2013). The belief is that BIM adoption will mean building and infrastructure projects set up and completed faster, in a more economical and sustainable way. Moreover BIM embracement is going to grow continuously and in all likelihood it will become an important competitive factor on the international level. The American National BIM Standard defines BIM as a digital representation of physical and functional characteristics of a facility. As such it serves as a shared knowledge resource for information about a facility forming a reliable basis for decisions during its life cycle, defined as existing from earliest conception to demolition (NationalBIMStandard, 2014). This definition suggests that it not only part of a design field but also of a project management one, which is confirmed as the dominant model in many organizations for strategy implementation, business transformation, continuous improvement and new product development. The research work is originated from the understanding of the relationship gap between BIM and project management in a managerial perspective. The investigation regards the relations in both directions. Experts affirm that project management is necessary for BIM and that BIM is a very useful support for project managers. The thesis’ objective is to assess the current situation, the future one – the vision – and the process to arrive to that point – the way. So the research first deeply analyses the two worlds of project management and BIM, all in a stakeholder perspective. In particular the study on the current situation regards: stakeholders positioning and interest toward BIM, current practice, Government and industry role. The vision regards the expectation of BIM in the AEC sector in the medium term (10-15 years), the way instead the adoption process of BIM. In order to reach the work’s aim two research methods were used: literature review and direct interview. Direct interviews were addressed to a portfolio of stakeholders of the AEC sector, e.g. project manager, architect, BIM expert, software reseller, building developer owner, innovation manager. The context of the research was mainly European con particular focus on the Mediterranean countries, most of the interviewees in fact were Italian or Croatian. The findings regard the key stakeholders in the AEC industry in regards to BIM; the willingness and the actions of the Governments in the different countries with the identification of the leading ones; and the situation and the readiness of the market in the different countries with the identification of five scenarios. After the vision of the situation in the middle term regarding BIM adoption and its likely contexts, the findings regard the process, as said above. In particular: the driving forces in the adoption of BIM and the adoption process at a network level with the identification and the analysis of five scenarios. The last findings regard the influences between BIM and project management, and in particular the influences of BIM in respects to project management competences and process (through two standards – ICB and ISO 21500).| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/95106