The topic of this thesis is devoted to the study, design, characterization and application of Silicon Carbide (SiC) detectors for photons and charged particles, like alphas, protons, ions, especially for laser-generated plasma radiation experiments. Laser-generated plasma experiments related to ion acceleration and nuclear reactions are worldwide carried out and many great results have been achieved in the last decade. Traditional radiation detectors used in laser-generated plasma experiments are showing their limits and new detectors with better performances are required. In the last few years, SiC radiation detectors have been so proposed to be employed in these experiments due to their great physical and electrical properties. Under this framework, several SiC detectors have been characterized during my thesis work acquiring interesting data on their properties and performance in terms of response speed, time resolution and tolerance to plasma radiation. Time response of SiC detectors has been studied by means of both simulations as experiments. A simulator based on SiC detector physical model has been realized for this study. Simulations of the response of SiC detectors to photons have been carried out obtaining very fast signals with rise time and width of few hundreds of picoseconds, which are in a well agreement with the experimental data. The response of SiC detectors to alphas and protons with different energies have been studied as well, considering the deposited energy distribution given by the available simulator SRIM 2013. Minimum rise time and pulse width of 0.3 ns and 0.7 ns, respectively, have been predicted for 5.5 MeV alpha particles. Similar results have been obtained with 2 MeV protons. A study devoted to the optimization of SiC detectors operating in time-of-flight configuration has been done by means of the designed simulator. The laser-plasma experiments were conducted in Prague Asterix Laser System (PALS) and great results have been achieved from our SiC detector. Current signal pulse amplitude as high as 1.8 A has been acquired with our 5 mm2 SiC detector and 0.8 ns risetime and 1 ns pulse width has been measured with our 1 mm2 detector. By achieving high signal to noise ratio and nanosecond time resolution, the advantages of SiC detectors have been demonstrated over the traditional detectors used in laser experiments, like Faraday Cup. A method for calculating the number of particles from the signals delivered by time of flight semiconductor detectors has been developed; the achieved results agree with our collaborator’s calculation using data from other passive detectors.
L'argomento di questa tesi riguarda lo studio, la progettazione, la caratterizzazione e l’applicazione di rivelatori in carburo di silicio (SiC) per fotoni e particelle cariche (alfa, protoni, ioni) emessi da plasmi generati da laser. Gli esperimenti di generazione di plasmi con laser per applicazioni di accelerazione di ioni e reazioni nucleari sono in corso a livello mondiale e interessanti risultati sono stati ottenuti nell’ultimo decennio. I rivelatori di radiazione convenzionali stanno mostrando i loro limiti e c’è richiesta di rivelatori innovativi per gli esperimenti con plasmi da laser. In questi ultimi anni sono stati proposti rivelatori in SiC a motivo delle loro peculiari proprietà elettriche e fisiche. In tale contesto di ricerca, la presente tesi ha riguardato la caratterizzazione sperimentale di diversi rivelatori SiC con interessanti dati sulle loro proprietà e prestazioni in termini di velocità di risposta, risoluzione temporale e tolleranza alla radiazione da plasmi. La risposta temporale dei rivelatori SiC è stata studiata sia mediante simulazioni che esperimenti. In questo studio è stato realizzato un simulatore di rivelatori SiC con il quale sono state effettuate simulazioni di risposta a fotoni ottenendo segnali molto veloci, con tempi di salita di poche centinaia di picosecondi, in buon accordo con i risultati sperimentali. E’ stata inoltre studiata la risposta dei rivelatori a particelle alfa e a protoni di differenti energie, a partire dalla distribuzione di energia depositata nel semiconduttore data dal simulatore SRIM 2013. Tempi di salita minimi di 0.3ns e larghezze di impulso di 0.7ns sono stati predetti per particelle alfa di 5.5 MeV. Simili risultati sono stati ottenuti con protoni da 2 MeV. Con il simulatore realizzato, è stato inoltre condotto uno studio dedicato all’ottimizzazione di rivelatori SiC in configurazione tempo-di-volo. Gli esperimenti con plasmi generati da laser sono stati condotti presso il laboratorio Prague Asterix Laser System (PALS), ottenendo significativi risultati con i nostri rivelatori SiC. Segnali di corrente con ampiezze fino a 1.8 A sono sati acquisiti con rivelatori di 5 mm^2 e tempi di salita pari a 0.8ns e larghezze di 1ns sono stati misurai con un rivelatore da 1mm^2. Il raggiungimento di elevati rapporti segnale/rumore così come risoluzioni temporali di nanosecondi hanno dimostrato la superiorità dei rivelatori SiC rispetto a quelli convenzionalmente utilizzati come le Faraday Cup. E’ stato inoltre ricavato un metodo per calcolare il numero di particelle dai segnali forniti da rivelatori a semiconduttore operanti in configurazione tempo-di-volo ed i risultati ottenuti su dati sperimentali sono in ottimo accordo con i calcoli effettuati da altri ricercatori mediante l’utilizzo di rivelatori passivi.
Study on silicon carbide radiation detectors for laser-plasma radiation applications
SHI, YONGBIAO
Abstract
The topic of this thesis is devoted to the study, design, characterization and application of Silicon Carbide (SiC) detectors for photons and charged particles, like alphas, protons, ions, especially for laser-generated plasma radiation experiments. Laser-generated plasma experiments related to ion acceleration and nuclear reactions are worldwide carried out and many great results have been achieved in the last decade. Traditional radiation detectors used in laser-generated plasma experiments are showing their limits and new detectors with better performances are required. In the last few years, SiC radiation detectors have been so proposed to be employed in these experiments due to their great physical and electrical properties. Under this framework, several SiC detectors have been characterized during my thesis work acquiring interesting data on their properties and performance in terms of response speed, time resolution and tolerance to plasma radiation. Time response of SiC detectors has been studied by means of both simulations as experiments. A simulator based on SiC detector physical model has been realized for this study. Simulations of the response of SiC detectors to photons have been carried out obtaining very fast signals with rise time and width of few hundreds of picoseconds, which are in a well agreement with the experimental data. The response of SiC detectors to alphas and protons with different energies have been studied as well, considering the deposited energy distribution given by the available simulator SRIM 2013. Minimum rise time and pulse width of 0.3 ns and 0.7 ns, respectively, have been predicted for 5.5 MeV alpha particles. Similar results have been obtained with 2 MeV protons. A study devoted to the optimization of SiC detectors operating in time-of-flight configuration has been done by means of the designed simulator. The laser-plasma experiments were conducted in Prague Asterix Laser System (PALS) and great results have been achieved from our SiC detector. Current signal pulse amplitude as high as 1.8 A has been acquired with our 5 mm2 SiC detector and 0.8 ns risetime and 1 ns pulse width has been measured with our 1 mm2 detector. By achieving high signal to noise ratio and nanosecond time resolution, the advantages of SiC detectors have been demonstrated over the traditional detectors used in laser experiments, like Faraday Cup. A method for calculating the number of particles from the signals delivered by time of flight semiconductor detectors has been developed; the achieved results agree with our collaborator’s calculation using data from other passive detectors.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/98035