Nowadays, multirotor platforms for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), such as quadrotors, are omnipresent in our daily life and in the near future could spread more and more. The research and development for these platforms will become increasingly challenging as covering various fields such as Automation and Control, Electronics, Computer Science and Aerospace Engineering. Multirotor platforms provide simple and reliable solutions to the problem of designing small scale UAVs for a wide range of civil applications such as, e.g., aerial photography and filming, agriculture, buildings and industrial plants monitoring, security and law enforcement and so on. In spite of the very large number of projects aimed to the design and development of multirotor platforms currently ongoing, it seems that no systematic approach to the problem has been proposed, in the sense of a consistent process flowing from mission requirements to actual platform implementation. This is quite surprising as the currently available components would enable a very rapid deployment of almost arbitrary configurations, following a dedicated conceptual and preliminary design and optimization stage. The main goal of this thesis is to present a systematic approach in order to realize a general UAV starting from the mission requirements. In detail, a development of a quadrotor helicopter is presented and the procedure to identify the value of unknown first-principle dynamics model parameters and the implementation of a robust controller are here described. Moreover the problem of robust control design for the attitude dynamics of a quadrotor helicopter is studied in detail. The proposed approach is based on structured H-infinity synthesis applied to a quadrotor helicopter which dynamical model has been identified in dedicated experiments.The goal is to obtain an attitude dynamics controller that guarantees satisfactory performance mainly in near hover conditions. In detail, the thesis presents the performed activities in order to realize a flying quadrotor starting from desired requirements. The operational decisions that have been taken, from the design to the sizing, are described together with the details about model identification and attitude controller synthesis activities.
Al giorno d'oggi, le piattaforme Multirotori utilizzate come Aeromobili a Pilotaggio Remoto (APR), come ad esempio gli elicotteri quadrirotori, sono onnipresenti nella nostra vita quotidiana e nel prossimo futuro potrebbero diffondersi sempre di più. La ricerca e lo sviluppo relativi a queste piattaforme diventeranno una sfida sempre più interessante e che coprirà diversi campi dell'ingegneria come l'Automazione Industriale, Elettronica, Informatica e l'Ingegneria Aeronautica. Le piattaforme multirotore (in primo luogo la convenzionale configurazione quadrirotore) forniscono una soluzione semplice ed affidabile per la realizzazione di APR in scala ridotta che possono essere utilizzate per un'ampia serie di applicazioni in ambito civile, ad esempio, riprese aeree video e fotografiche, agricoltura, monitoraggio di impianti industriali, sicurezza ecc. Nonostante il grande numero di progetti volti alla progettazione e lo sviluppo di piattaforme multirotore che attualmente sono in corso (sia in ambito industriale che accademico e hobbistico), sembra che non sia stato ancora proposto nessun approccio sistematico per la progettazione di questo tipo di velivoli. Approccio sistematico inteso come processo a partire dai requisiti di missione fino all'implementazione pratica con successiva fase di ottimizzazione. La tesi ha come obiettivo quello di creare un ambiente di sviluppo completo per la progettazione e lo sviluppo di piattaforme multirotori che copre l'intero ciclo di progettazione, dalla fase di dimensionamento alla realizzazione vera e propria, comprensiva inoltre dello sviluppo del codice di bordo, fino alla messa in volo. Il problema di progettazione di un controllo robusto per la dinamica di assetto di un elicottero quadrirotore viene studiata in dettaglio. L'approccio proposto si basa sulla sintesi H-infinity strutturata, applicata ad un elicottero quadrirotore il cui modello dinamico è stato identificato in esperimenti dedicati. L'obiettivo è quello di ottenere un controllo della dinamica di assetto che garantisca prestazioni soddisfacenti in particolare nel volo a punto fisso. In dettaglio, la tesi presenta le attività svolte per realizzare un quadrirotore funzionante partendo dai requisiti desiderati. Dalla progettazione al dimensionamento e messa a punto, sono descritte tutte le decisioni operative prese.
Design, integration and control of a multirotor UAV platform
GIURATO, MATTIA
2014/2015
Abstract
Nowadays, multirotor platforms for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), such as quadrotors, are omnipresent in our daily life and in the near future could spread more and more. The research and development for these platforms will become increasingly challenging as covering various fields such as Automation and Control, Electronics, Computer Science and Aerospace Engineering. Multirotor platforms provide simple and reliable solutions to the problem of designing small scale UAVs for a wide range of civil applications such as, e.g., aerial photography and filming, agriculture, buildings and industrial plants monitoring, security and law enforcement and so on. In spite of the very large number of projects aimed to the design and development of multirotor platforms currently ongoing, it seems that no systematic approach to the problem has been proposed, in the sense of a consistent process flowing from mission requirements to actual platform implementation. This is quite surprising as the currently available components would enable a very rapid deployment of almost arbitrary configurations, following a dedicated conceptual and preliminary design and optimization stage. The main goal of this thesis is to present a systematic approach in order to realize a general UAV starting from the mission requirements. In detail, a development of a quadrotor helicopter is presented and the procedure to identify the value of unknown first-principle dynamics model parameters and the implementation of a robust controller are here described. Moreover the problem of robust control design for the attitude dynamics of a quadrotor helicopter is studied in detail. The proposed approach is based on structured H-infinity synthesis applied to a quadrotor helicopter which dynamical model has been identified in dedicated experiments.The goal is to obtain an attitude dynamics controller that guarantees satisfactory performance mainly in near hover conditions. In detail, the thesis presents the performed activities in order to realize a flying quadrotor starting from desired requirements. The operational decisions that have been taken, from the design to the sizing, are described together with the details about model identification and attitude controller synthesis activities.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/115191