In order to have a better image quality, terrestrial telescopes often present active control systems. Two are their categories: active optics deals with the compensation of gravity, thermal effects, vibrations etc.; adaptive optics aims at correcting the effect of the atmospheric turbulence. Space telescopes are subjected to disturbances too; their control schemes are inspired to ground- based adaptive optics. Deformable mirrors are the most common technology for active corrections in telescopes. Their actuation can be piezoelectric, electromagnetic or electro- static. In particular, bimorph/monomorph deformable mirrors have known some successful past applications and are becoming an interesting solution for space astronomy. This thesis describes a piezoelectric monomorph deformable mirror built at Active Structures Laboratory (ASL), ULB. The prototype is a 3” secondary mirror intended to correct lower order aberrations in future space reflectors. The demonstrator is described in its technology; the numerical FE model of the mirror is also presented. The shape control of the mirror is then considered. Control aims at computing the right voltages to be applied to the piezoelectric actuators in order to deform the mirror surface and fit a target shape. Control strategies like SVD and Damped Least Squares are introduced and discussed. Finally, experimental tests are presented and compared to numerical predictions, showing good agreement.
Per produrre immagini di migliore qualità, i telescopi terrestri spesso presentano sistemi di controllo attivo. Questi si suddividono in due categorie: le ottiche attive sono sistemi destinati alla compensazione della gravità, degli effetti termici, delle vibrazioni ecc.; le ottiche adattive mirano invece a correggere gli effetti della turbolenza atmosferica. Anche i telescopi spaziali sono soggetti a disturbi; i loro schemi di controllo sono ispirati alle ottiche adattive terrestri. Per operare correzioni attive nei telescopi, gli specchi deformabili sono la tecnologia più comunemente adottata. La loro attuazione può essere piezoelet- trica, elettromagnetica o elettrostatica. In particolare, specchi deformabili bi- morfi/monomorfi hanno trovato applicazioni di successo nel passato e stanno diventando una soluzione interessante anche per lo spazio. Questa tesi descrive uno specchio deformabile piezoelettrico monomorfo costruito nel Laboratorio di Strutture Attive dell’ULB. Il prototipo è uno specchio secondario di 3” destinato a correggere aberrazione di basso ordine in futuri telescopi spaziali. La tecnologia dello specchio viene descritta e viene presentato un modello numerico agli elementi finiti dello stesso. Si considera dunque il controllo di forma dello specchio. Esso mira a calco- lare le giuste tensioni da applicare agli attuatori piezoelettrici per deformare la superficie dello specchio facendogli assumere una forma obiettivo. Alcune strategie di controllo come SVD e Damped Least Squares sono introdotte e discusse. Infine, sono presentati i test sperimentali, in buon accordo con le simulazioni numeriche.
Analysis, development and shape control of a piezoelectric deformable mirror for future space telescopes
ABBIATI, ANDREA BENOIT
2014/2015
Abstract
In order to have a better image quality, terrestrial telescopes often present active control systems. Two are their categories: active optics deals with the compensation of gravity, thermal effects, vibrations etc.; adaptive optics aims at correcting the effect of the atmospheric turbulence. Space telescopes are subjected to disturbances too; their control schemes are inspired to ground- based adaptive optics. Deformable mirrors are the most common technology for active corrections in telescopes. Their actuation can be piezoelectric, electromagnetic or electro- static. In particular, bimorph/monomorph deformable mirrors have known some successful past applications and are becoming an interesting solution for space astronomy. This thesis describes a piezoelectric monomorph deformable mirror built at Active Structures Laboratory (ASL), ULB. The prototype is a 3” secondary mirror intended to correct lower order aberrations in future space reflectors. The demonstrator is described in its technology; the numerical FE model of the mirror is also presented. The shape control of the mirror is then considered. Control aims at computing the right voltages to be applied to the piezoelectric actuators in order to deform the mirror surface and fit a target shape. Control strategies like SVD and Damped Least Squares are introduced and discussed. Finally, experimental tests are presented and compared to numerical predictions, showing good agreement.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2016_04_Abbiati.pdf
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Descrizione: Testo della tesi
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/118214