Neuro-Developmental Disorder (NDD) is an umbrella term for a group of disorders arising during the developmental period that is characterized by severe and often co-occurring deficits in the cognitive, social, communicative, motor, behavioral and emotional spheres . In this regard, the use of digital interactive technology is considered as a promising approach that does not replace current therapies but can be incorporated into them and support care-givers in their daily routine. Disability nowadays no longer means a condition, an incapacity, or lack that belongs to a body, but rather a product of the interactions between self, society, body, and the variety of interactions from political economies to personal and socio-economical commitments that they engender. From a socio-economical point of view, the rapid growth of these technological resources requires a carefully planned response by health institutions and their administrators. In addition to relevant staff development and training, this response urges to address the cost of technological resources applicable; the individuals' unique needs with which those resources will be most useful; the benefits and risks of using them; the methods for preparing care-givers (clinicians and families) to accept, adopt and appropriate these resources; and an organizational commitment to empirically evaluating their effectiveness and utility. This work addresses the previous issues by developing the "Empowerment Framework" in order to offer individuals in the care-giving sector the technological tools, services, abilities, and opportunities to feel empowered in using innovative interactive technologies, adapting them to meet their needs in a process called "appropriation", and share their acquired knowledge, original technological approaches, and evidence-based results through a knowledge-based system. My contributions lie within the "Empowerment Framework", a framework that offers a space so that health institutions, administrators, clinicians, parents and eventually external stakeholders can contribute in it. Using the framework, they will get access to: 1) a broad set of evidence-based design guidelines, carefully organized by interaction paradigm and category, informed by the literature and by the experience gained through the years; 2) a portable, accessible, modular and scalable software platform that will enable them to collaborate with partners in designing, developing, configuring, evaluating and sharing the activities through the web, building a new model of social crowd-sourcing; 3) a psycho-pedagogical model of intervention for teachers, parents and novice care-givers; co-developed with specialists and informed by macro-psychological theories and many tech-based studies; 4) adoption and sustainability guidelines to provide administrators and care-givers with the information they need to integrate and expand the use of technologies in their contexts. My work aims at connecting the stakeholders and reducing inefficiencies in play-therapy delivery, improving access, reducing costs, increasing quality and knowledge, and making it more personalized, sharable and precise. My wish is to empower researchers and care-givers to better track, manage, and improve NDD individuals and their families' health so to live better, more productive lives, and improve society.
Il Disordine dello Sviluppo Neurologico (NDD) è un termine generico per un gruppo di disordini che si manifestano durante il periodo dello sviluppo caratterizzati da deficit gravi e spesso co-occorrenti nelle sfere cognitive, sociali, comunicative, motorie, comportamentali ed emotive. A tale riguardo, l'uso delle tecnologie interattive è considerato un approccio promettente che non sostituisce le terapie attuali ma, incorporato in esse, può supportare i caregiver nella loro quotidianità. Disabilità oggigiorno non significa più una condizione, un'incapacità o una mancanza che appartiene a un corpo, ma piuttosto un prodotto delle interazioni tra sé, la società, il corpo stesso e la varietà di interazioni che essi generano. Da un punto di vista socio-economico, la rapida crescita di queste risorse tecnologiche richiede una risposta attentamente pianificata da parte delle istituzioni sanitarie e dei loro amministratori. Oltre alla formazione del personale, urge affrontare il costo delle risorse tecnologiche applicabili; le esigenze uniche degli individui con cui tali risorse saranno più utili; i benefici e i rischi del loro utilizzo; i metodi per preparare i caregiver (medici e famiglie) ad adottare e appropriarsi di queste risorse; e un impegno organizzativo per valutare empiricamente la loro utilità ed efficacia. Questo lavoro affronta i problemi precedenti sviluppando l’ "Empowerment Framework" al fine di offrire agli individui nel settore educativo-assistenziale gli strumenti tecnologici, i servizi, le opportunità di sentirsi capacitati nell’utilizzare tecnologie interattive innovative, adattandole per soddisfare le loro esigenze in un processo chiamato "appropriazione", e condividere le conoscenze acquisite, gli approcci tecnologici originali e i risultati empirici attraverso un sistema di intelligenza condivisa. I miei contributi si trovano all'interno dell’ "Empowerment Framework ", una piazza che offre a istituzioni sanitarie, amministratori, medici, genitori ed eventualmente stakeholder esterni, la possibilità di collaborare. Usando il framework, essi avranno accesso a: 1) un ampio insieme di linee guida progettuali provenienti dalla letteratura e dall'esperienza acquisita nel corso degli anni; 2) una piattaforma software portatile, accessibile, modulare e scalabile che consentirà loro di collaborare con i partner nella progettazione, sviluppo, configurazione, valutazione e condivisione delle attività attraverso il web, creando un nuovo modello di crowdsourcing sociale; 3) un modello di intervento psico-pedagogico per insegnanti, genitori e assistenti alle prime armi; co-sviluppato con specialisti e supportato da teorie macro-psicologiche; 4) delle linee guida di adozione e sostenibilità per fornire agli amministratori e ai caregiver le informazioni di cui hanno bisogno per integrare ed espandere l'uso delle tecnologie nei loro contesti. Il mio lavoro mira a connettere gli stakeholder e ridurre le inefficienze nell'erogazione della terapia ludico educativa, migliorando l'accesso, riducendo i costi, aumentando la conoscenza e rendendo l’esperienza più personalizzata, condivisibile e precisa. Il mio desiderio è di fornire a ricercatori e caregiver i giusti strumenti per abilitare i bambini con disabilità e capacitare le loro famiglie, in modo da vivere vite migliori, più produttive e migliorare la società.
Empowering interactive technologies for children with neuro-developmental disorders and their caregivers
GELSOMINI, MIRKO
Abstract
Neuro-Developmental Disorder (NDD) is an umbrella term for a group of disorders arising during the developmental period that is characterized by severe and often co-occurring deficits in the cognitive, social, communicative, motor, behavioral and emotional spheres . In this regard, the use of digital interactive technology is considered as a promising approach that does not replace current therapies but can be incorporated into them and support care-givers in their daily routine. Disability nowadays no longer means a condition, an incapacity, or lack that belongs to a body, but rather a product of the interactions between self, society, body, and the variety of interactions from political economies to personal and socio-economical commitments that they engender. From a socio-economical point of view, the rapid growth of these technological resources requires a carefully planned response by health institutions and their administrators. In addition to relevant staff development and training, this response urges to address the cost of technological resources applicable; the individuals' unique needs with which those resources will be most useful; the benefits and risks of using them; the methods for preparing care-givers (clinicians and families) to accept, adopt and appropriate these resources; and an organizational commitment to empirically evaluating their effectiveness and utility. This work addresses the previous issues by developing the "Empowerment Framework" in order to offer individuals in the care-giving sector the technological tools, services, abilities, and opportunities to feel empowered in using innovative interactive technologies, adapting them to meet their needs in a process called "appropriation", and share their acquired knowledge, original technological approaches, and evidence-based results through a knowledge-based system. My contributions lie within the "Empowerment Framework", a framework that offers a space so that health institutions, administrators, clinicians, parents and eventually external stakeholders can contribute in it. Using the framework, they will get access to: 1) a broad set of evidence-based design guidelines, carefully organized by interaction paradigm and category, informed by the literature and by the experience gained through the years; 2) a portable, accessible, modular and scalable software platform that will enable them to collaborate with partners in designing, developing, configuring, evaluating and sharing the activities through the web, building a new model of social crowd-sourcing; 3) a psycho-pedagogical model of intervention for teachers, parents and novice care-givers; co-developed with specialists and informed by macro-psychological theories and many tech-based studies; 4) adoption and sustainability guidelines to provide administrators and care-givers with the information they need to integrate and expand the use of technologies in their contexts. My work aims at connecting the stakeholders and reducing inefficiencies in play-therapy delivery, improving access, reducing costs, increasing quality and knowledge, and making it more personalized, sharable and precise. My wish is to empower researchers and care-givers to better track, manage, and improve NDD individuals and their families' health so to live better, more productive lives, and improve society.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/137083