The use of robots nowadays is becoming more and more important in the industry. Of great interest are those tasks where there is an interaction between the robot and the environment, so the manipulator should have a partially autonomous behaviour. This means that it has to be capable to adapt to the surrounding environment. In particular, when there is a manipulation of the parts, such as assembly or grasping, force overshoot should be avoided to prevent damage. In this Thesis compliant motion control topics are discussed for manipulators. Impedance control is used to control the manipulator in contact with a partially unknown environment. State of the art was analyzed. A dynamic model of the closed-loop robot-environment system was validated in order to develop a model- based control logic. An adaptive force control strategy has been implemented to avoid force overshoot that can cause damage on the manipulated parts or the failure of the task. In particular a control algorithm characterized by a PID force-tracking control with a variable saturation and an anti-windup has been developed. This type of control is able to improve the performance obtaining a zero steady-state force error. The proposed control has been evaluated for a certain task, that is the grasping and the assembly of side-wall panel to be installed inside an aircraft cabin. The platform used for the experiments is the Kuka LightWeight Robot, next-generation lightweight robot designed to meet the requirements of controlled stiffness and interaction with users. In the carried out experiments, very small force overshoot are obtained, demonstrating the validity of this strategy control.
L'uso dei robot oggigiorno sta diventando sempre più importante nell’industria. Di grande interesse sono quei compiti in cui esiste un'interazione tra il robot e l'ambiente, quindi il manipolatore dovrebbe avere un comportamento parzialmente autonomo. Ciò significa che deve essere in grado di adattarsi all'ambiente circostante. In particolare, in caso di manipolazione delle parti, come assemblaggio o la manipolazione, è necessario evitare gli overshoot di forza per evitare danni. In questa Tesi vengono discussi argomenti di compliant motion control per i manipolatori. Il controllo di impedenza viene utilizzato per controllare il manipolatore in contatto con un ambiente parzialmente sconosciuto. Lo stato dell'arte è stato analizzato. È stato convalidato un modello dinamico del sistema robotico ad anello chiuso per sviluppare una logica di controllo basata su un modello. È stata implementata una strategia di controllo della forza adattiva per evitare gli overshoot di forza che possono causare danni alle parti manipolate o il fallimento del task. In particolare è stato sviluppato un algoritmo di controllo caratterizzato da un PID force-tracking con una saturazione variabile e un anti- windup. Questo tipo di controllo è in grado di migliorare le prestazioni ottenendo un errore di forza a regime pari a zero. Il controllo proposto è stato valutato per un determinato compito, ovvero la manipolazione e l'assemblaggio del pannello laterale da installare all'interno di una cabina di un aereo. La piattaforma utilizzata per gli esperimenti è il Kuka LightWeight Robot, robot leggero di nuova generazione progettato per soddisfare i requisiti di rigidezza controllata e interazione con gli utenti. Negli esperimenti effettuati, sono stati ottenuti overshoot di molto piccoli, dimostrando la validità di questa strategia di controllo.
Design and experimental evaluation of a variable impedance-based adaptive PID force control
ALDEGHI, MICHELE
2018/2019
Abstract
The use of robots nowadays is becoming more and more important in the industry. Of great interest are those tasks where there is an interaction between the robot and the environment, so the manipulator should have a partially autonomous behaviour. This means that it has to be capable to adapt to the surrounding environment. In particular, when there is a manipulation of the parts, such as assembly or grasping, force overshoot should be avoided to prevent damage. In this Thesis compliant motion control topics are discussed for manipulators. Impedance control is used to control the manipulator in contact with a partially unknown environment. State of the art was analyzed. A dynamic model of the closed-loop robot-environment system was validated in order to develop a model- based control logic. An adaptive force control strategy has been implemented to avoid force overshoot that can cause damage on the manipulated parts or the failure of the task. In particular a control algorithm characterized by a PID force-tracking control with a variable saturation and an anti-windup has been developed. This type of control is able to improve the performance obtaining a zero steady-state force error. The proposed control has been evaluated for a certain task, that is the grasping and the assembly of side-wall panel to be installed inside an aircraft cabin. The platform used for the experiments is the Kuka LightWeight Robot, next-generation lightweight robot designed to meet the requirements of controlled stiffness and interaction with users. In the carried out experiments, very small force overshoot are obtained, demonstrating the validity of this strategy control.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Design and Experimental Evaluation of a Variable Impedance-Based Adaptive PID Force Control.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/150740