The PhD research explores how user-centred and participatory service and product design can be instrumental for the definition of novel healthcare approaches towards patient empowerment and personalised medicine. Indeed, healthcare is undergoing a true revolution towards new paradigms, where the traditional reactive approach based on symptoms and disease management is progressively giving way to a systemic approach oriented to proactive, preventive and personalised medicine. In such new trends the technological innovation and, in particular, ICT and mobile technologies, at the heart of digital transformation in all sectors of the society, play the role of key enablers. The research adopts Frayling’s “research through design” model [Frayling 1993] and explores the practices and processes of design through an action research approach considering the preparation, development and participation in two EU funded research projects, that have provided the opportunity to make use of co-design and participatory approaches for boosting user involvement and innovation in the field of healthcare. The purpose of the work is therefore, on the one hand (i) to explore which role design can play to redefine healthcare in a context in which economics, demographics and digital technologies put pressure towards innovative ways in medicine, and on the other hand (ii) to investigate the use of co-design and participatory design tools for the development of new products and services for a healthier lifestyle and for a sustainable engagement of people in their long-term healthcare management. The research described in this work has been conducted through involvement in the design and implementation of two specific projects related to empowerment of citizens with regard to health and to the use of ICT as a means to provide empowerment instruments. From an editorial point of view, the work is structured in three parts as follows: - Part 1 provides an overview of the current trends in healthcare and the background to which the work is linked. This part covers also the methodological approach followed and the state-of-the-art analysis. The methodological approach followed in the development of the PhD project with focus on how design can be used to develop solutions for healthcare, but also to drive and support the paradigm shift towards Predictive, Preventive, Personalized, and Participatory healthcare, the so called P4 medicine. The analysis of the state of the art, in particular in the field of digital technologies and services, is focused on the evolution of digital technology and how such technology is currently perceived and used in the healthcare sector, by patients, but, in general, by all users, as the path towards P4 medicine involves more actors. A large part of the state-of-the-art analysis has been conducted in preparation of and within the course of the EU projects, which constitute the core of the work. - Part 2 is the core part of the work. It consists of the description of the projects and the work done according to an action research approach. It focuses, in particular with regards to the design approach adopted in the two projects and how design methods have been used to achieve the objectives of the project. The two projects, namely PEGASO and NESTORE focus on the prevention aspects of healthcare targeting specifically adolescents for the prevention of obesity and related co-morbidities and elderly people within the concept of healthy ageing. - Part 3 concludes the work with some reflections and concluding remarks. It focuses on the potential scenarios for the evolution of healthcare, trying to depict a role for design, also with regard to future research within the European arena where design researcher have the opportunity to take a leading towards the co-creation of a novel healthcare approach engaging patients and professionals in a participatory approach.
La ricerca di dottorato esplora come il design di servizi e prodotti centrato sull'utente e con approccio partecipativo possa essere strumentale per la definizione di nuovi modelli sanitari che vadano verso l'empowerment dei pazienti e la medicina personalizzata. In effetti, il settore della sanità sta attraversando una vera rivoluzione verso nuovi paradigmi, in cui il tradizionale approccio reattivo basato sui sintomi e sulla gestione delle malattie sta progressivamente cedendo il passo a un approccio sistemico orientato alla medicina proattiva, preventiva e personalizzata. In tali nuove tendenze, l'innovazione tecnologica e, in particolare, le tecnologie ICT e le tecnologie mobili, al centro della trasformazione digitale in tutti i settori della società, svolgono il ruolo di attivatori chiave. La ricerca adotta il modello "ricerca attraverso il design" [Frayling 1993] ed esplora le pratiche e i processi di progettazione attraverso un approccio di ricerca d'azione che considera la preparazione, lo sviluppo e la partecipazione a due progetti di ricerca finanziati dall'UE, che hanno offerto l'opportunità di sfruttare co-design e approcci partecipativi per aumentare il coinvolgimento e l'innovazione degli utenti nel campo della sanità. Lo scopo del lavoro è quindi, da un lato, (i) esplorare quale ruolo può svolgere il design per ridefinire l'assistenza sanitaria in un contesto in cui l'economia, i dati demografici e le tecnologie digitali esercitano pressioni su metodi innovativi in medicina, e dall'altro ( ii) studiare l'uso di strumenti di co-design e design partecipativo per lo sviluppo di nuovi prodotti e servizi per uno stile di vita più sano e per un impegno sostenibile delle persone nella loro gestione sanitaria a lungo termine. La ricerca descritta in questo lavoro è stata condotta attraverso il coinvolgimento nella progettazione e realizzazione di due progetti specifici relativi all'empowerment dei cittadini in materia di salute e all'uso delle ICT come mezzo per fornire strumenti di empowerment. Da un punto di vista editoriale, il lavoro è strutturato in tre parti come segue: - La parte 1 fornisce una panoramica delle attuali tendenze della sanità e del contesto a cui è collegato il lavoro. Questa parte copre anche l'approccio metodologico seguito e l'analisi dello stato dell’arte. L'approccio metodologico seguito nello sviluppo del progetto di dottorato si focalizza con particolare attenzione a come il design può essere utilizzato per sviluppare soluzioni per la sanità, ma anche per guidare e supportare il passaggio di paradigma verso una sanità predittiva, preventiva, personalizzata e partecipativa, la cosiddetta medicina P4 . L'analisi dello stato dell'arte, in particolare nel campo delle tecnologie e dei servizi digitali, si concentra sull'evoluzione della tecnologia digitale e su come tale tecnologia è attualmente percepita e utilizzata nel settore sanitario, dai pazienti, ma, in generale, da parte di tutti gli utenti, poiché il percorso verso la medicina P4 coinvolge più attori. Gran parte dell'analisi dello stato dell’arte è stata condotta in preparazione e nel corso dei progetti dell'UE, che costituiscono il nucleo del lavoro. - La parte 2 è la parte principale del lavoro. Consiste nella descrizione dei progetti e del lavoro svolto secondo un approccio di action research. Si concentra, in particolare per sull'approccio di design adottato nei due progetti e su come i metodi di design sono stati utilizzati per raggiungere gli obiettivi di progetto. I due progetti, in particolare PEGASO e NESTORE, si concentrano sugli aspetti di prevenzione rivolti agli adolescenti per la prevenzione dell'obesità e delle comorbidità correlate e agli anziani nell'ambito del concetto di invecchiamento in buona salute. - La parte 3 conclude il lavoro con alcune riflessioni e osservazioni conclusive. Si concentra sui potenziali scenari per l'evoluzione della sanità, cercando di rappresentare un ruolo per il design, anche per quanto riguarda la ricerca futura nell'arena europea in cui i ricercatori di design hanno l'opportunità di assumere un ruolo guida verso la co-creazione di un nuovo approccio sanitario che coinvolga pazienti e professionisti in un approccio partecipativo.
Design driven approaches in healthcare : an action research through European projects participation
GUARNERI, MARIA RENATA
2019/2020
Abstract
The PhD research explores how user-centred and participatory service and product design can be instrumental for the definition of novel healthcare approaches towards patient empowerment and personalised medicine. Indeed, healthcare is undergoing a true revolution towards new paradigms, where the traditional reactive approach based on symptoms and disease management is progressively giving way to a systemic approach oriented to proactive, preventive and personalised medicine. In such new trends the technological innovation and, in particular, ICT and mobile technologies, at the heart of digital transformation in all sectors of the society, play the role of key enablers. The research adopts Frayling’s “research through design” model [Frayling 1993] and explores the practices and processes of design through an action research approach considering the preparation, development and participation in two EU funded research projects, that have provided the opportunity to make use of co-design and participatory approaches for boosting user involvement and innovation in the field of healthcare. The purpose of the work is therefore, on the one hand (i) to explore which role design can play to redefine healthcare in a context in which economics, demographics and digital technologies put pressure towards innovative ways in medicine, and on the other hand (ii) to investigate the use of co-design and participatory design tools for the development of new products and services for a healthier lifestyle and for a sustainable engagement of people in their long-term healthcare management. The research described in this work has been conducted through involvement in the design and implementation of two specific projects related to empowerment of citizens with regard to health and to the use of ICT as a means to provide empowerment instruments. From an editorial point of view, the work is structured in three parts as follows: - Part 1 provides an overview of the current trends in healthcare and the background to which the work is linked. This part covers also the methodological approach followed and the state-of-the-art analysis. The methodological approach followed in the development of the PhD project with focus on how design can be used to develop solutions for healthcare, but also to drive and support the paradigm shift towards Predictive, Preventive, Personalized, and Participatory healthcare, the so called P4 medicine. The analysis of the state of the art, in particular in the field of digital technologies and services, is focused on the evolution of digital technology and how such technology is currently perceived and used in the healthcare sector, by patients, but, in general, by all users, as the path towards P4 medicine involves more actors. A large part of the state-of-the-art analysis has been conducted in preparation of and within the course of the EU projects, which constitute the core of the work. - Part 2 is the core part of the work. It consists of the description of the projects and the work done according to an action research approach. It focuses, in particular with regards to the design approach adopted in the two projects and how design methods have been used to achieve the objectives of the project. The two projects, namely PEGASO and NESTORE focus on the prevention aspects of healthcare targeting specifically adolescents for the prevention of obesity and related co-morbidities and elderly people within the concept of healthy ageing. - Part 3 concludes the work with some reflections and concluding remarks. It focuses on the potential scenarios for the evolution of healthcare, trying to depict a role for design, also with regard to future research within the European arena where design researcher have the opportunity to take a leading towards the co-creation of a novel healthcare approach engaging patients and professionals in a participatory approach.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/164277