Globally, a city is a large human settlement. It can be defined as a permanent and densely settled place with administratively defined boundaries whose members work primarily on non-agricultural tasks. Cities generally have extensive systems for housing, transportation, sanitation, utilities, land use, production of goods, and communication. Their density facilitates interaction between people, government organizations and businesses, sometimes benefiting different parties in the process, such as improving efficiency of goods and service distribution. Urban regeneration has been accompanying urban development since the earliest human settlement and was emphasized after the World War Two. Several decades’ experience and billions of dollars forced the decision makers to realize the importance of urban image, quality of life, and urban environment, which were recognized as prerequisites and catalysts for the economic development of cities. Public space is the stage upon which the drama of communal life unfolds. The streets, squares and parks of a city give form to the ebb and flow of human exchange. These dynamic spaces are an essential counterpart to the more settled places and routines of work and home life, providing the channels for movement, nodes for communication and common grounds for play and relaxation. By contrast, in absolutist or totalitarian nations public spaces have been typically designed to symbolize the power of governments over people and overwhelm users with sheer size . Public space reflects the city or nation in which it is embedded--its socio-cultural, economic, and political conditions. In the broad region that has traditionally been considered as the “West” (i.e., Western Europe, North America, and Australia), public space has been defined by its openness and accessibility to everyone--thus reflecting Western democratic values of freedom and equality. By contrast, in absolutist or totalitarian nations public spaces have been typically designed to symbolize the power of governments over people and overwhelm users with sheer size. This research is based on the local literature and administrative document to demonstrate the comparative study of the city, urban development and urban public spaces. The definition and urban development vary from different countries considering the various cultures, historical processes and administrative governance. As for the urban public spaces, the definition and its category are similar with each other to some extent. It is mainly because of the late development of urban construction process in modern China, and the urban public space were developed completely and rapidly in western context. Therefore, the conception of urban public space in china is developed and localized from western relative studies and cases. Regarding for the urban public space distribution in 2 cities, the similar morphology is illustrated on the mapping. More small-scale, dense and multi-function common space centralized in the urban center, while large-scale greening parks out of the downtowns. The system of public spaces varies from these two researched cities, considering the different culture backgrounds and administration methods. The comparative study is going more specific on each site prototypes in 2 cities. The descriptive and assessment method is developed in this research to do the systematic assess of each site by texts, mappings and images. All the sites are selected by historical and cultural heritage standard in the urban center area, but other criteria are various.
Globalmente, una città è un grande insediamento umano. Può essere definito come un luogo permanente e densamente abitato con confini definiti amministrativamente i cui membri lavorano principalmente su compiti non agricoli. Le città generalmente hanno sistemi estesi per l'alloggio, i trasporti, i servizi igienico-sanitari, i servizi pubblici, l'uso del suolo, la produzione di beni e le comunicazioni. La loro densità facilita l'interazione tra persone, organizzazioni governative e imprese, a volte a vantaggio di diverse parti del processo, ad esempio migliorando l'efficienza della distribuzione di beni e servizi. La rigenerazione urbana ha accompagnato lo sviluppo urbano sin dal primo insediamento umano ed è stata enfatizzata dopo la seconda guerra mondiale. Diversi decenni di esperienza e miliardi di dollari hanno costretto i decisori a rendersi conto dell'importanza dell'immagine urbana, della qualità della vita e dell'ambiente urbano, riconosciuti come prerequisiti e catalizzatori per lo sviluppo economico delle città. Lo spazio pubblico è il palcoscenico sul quale si svolge il dramma della vita comunitaria. Le strade, le piazze ei parchi di una città danno forma al flusso e al riflusso dello scambio umano. Questi spazi dinamici sono una controparte essenziale ai luoghi e alle routine più stabili del lavoro e della vita domestica, fornendo canali di movimento, nodi di comunicazione e luoghi comuni per il gioco e il relax. Al contrario, nelle nazioni assolutiste o totalitarie gli spazi pubblici sono stati tipicamente progettati per simboleggiare il potere dei governi sulle persone e sopraffare gli utenti con le dimensioni.Lo spazio pubblico riflette la città o la nazione in cui è inserito, le sue condizioni socio-culturali, economiche e politiche. Nell'ampia regione che è stata tradizionalmente considerata "Occidente" (vale a dire, Europa occidentale, Nord America e Australia), lo spazio pubblico è stato definito dalla sua apertura e accessibilità a tutti, riflettendo così i valori democratici occidentali di libertà e uguaglianza . Al contrario, nelle nazioni assolutiste o totalitarie gli spazi pubblici sono stati tipicamente progettati per simboleggiare il potere dei governi sulle persone e sopraffare gli utenti con le dimensioni. Questa ricerca si basa sulla letteratura locale e sul documento amministrativo per dimostrare lo studio comparativo della città, dello sviluppo urbano e degli spazi pubblici urbani. La definizione e lo sviluppo urbano variano da paesi diversi considerando le diverse culture, processi storici e governance amministrativa. Per quanto riguarda gli spazi pubblici urbani, la definizione e la sua categoria sono in una certa misura simili tra loro. È principalmente a causa del tardo sviluppo del processo di costruzione urbana nella Cina moderna e lo spazio pubblico urbano si è sviluppato completamente e rapidamente nel contesto occidentale. Pertanto, la concezione dello spazio pubblico urbano in Cina è sviluppata e localizzata da studi e casi relativi occidentali. Per quanto riguarda la distribuzione dello spazio pubblico urbano in 2 città, la morfologia simile è illustrata sulla mappatura. Spazio comune più piccolo, denso e multifunzionale accentrato nel centro urbano, mentre i parchi verdi su larga scala fuori dai centri urbani. Il sistema degli spazi pubblici varia da queste due città indagate, considerando i diversi background culturali e metodi di amministrazione. Lo studio comparativo sta andando più specifico su ogni sito prototipi in 2 città. Il metodo descrittivo e di valutazione è sviluppato in questa ricerca per fare la valutazione sistematica di ogni sito per testi, mappature e immagini. Tutti i siti sono selezionati in base allo standard del patrimonio storico e culturale nell'area del centro urbano, ma altri criteri sono vari.
Urban public space study and assessment based on historical and cultural heritage cities : a comparative study between Milan, Italy and Xi'an, China
SHAN, WANFEI
2020/2021
Abstract
Globally, a city is a large human settlement. It can be defined as a permanent and densely settled place with administratively defined boundaries whose members work primarily on non-agricultural tasks. Cities generally have extensive systems for housing, transportation, sanitation, utilities, land use, production of goods, and communication. Their density facilitates interaction between people, government organizations and businesses, sometimes benefiting different parties in the process, such as improving efficiency of goods and service distribution. Urban regeneration has been accompanying urban development since the earliest human settlement and was emphasized after the World War Two. Several decades’ experience and billions of dollars forced the decision makers to realize the importance of urban image, quality of life, and urban environment, which were recognized as prerequisites and catalysts for the economic development of cities. Public space is the stage upon which the drama of communal life unfolds. The streets, squares and parks of a city give form to the ebb and flow of human exchange. These dynamic spaces are an essential counterpart to the more settled places and routines of work and home life, providing the channels for movement, nodes for communication and common grounds for play and relaxation. By contrast, in absolutist or totalitarian nations public spaces have been typically designed to symbolize the power of governments over people and overwhelm users with sheer size . Public space reflects the city or nation in which it is embedded--its socio-cultural, economic, and political conditions. In the broad region that has traditionally been considered as the “West” (i.e., Western Europe, North America, and Australia), public space has been defined by its openness and accessibility to everyone--thus reflecting Western democratic values of freedom and equality. By contrast, in absolutist or totalitarian nations public spaces have been typically designed to symbolize the power of governments over people and overwhelm users with sheer size. This research is based on the local literature and administrative document to demonstrate the comparative study of the city, urban development and urban public spaces. The definition and urban development vary from different countries considering the various cultures, historical processes and administrative governance. As for the urban public spaces, the definition and its category are similar with each other to some extent. It is mainly because of the late development of urban construction process in modern China, and the urban public space were developed completely and rapidly in western context. Therefore, the conception of urban public space in china is developed and localized from western relative studies and cases. Regarding for the urban public space distribution in 2 cities, the similar morphology is illustrated on the mapping. More small-scale, dense and multi-function common space centralized in the urban center, while large-scale greening parks out of the downtowns. The system of public spaces varies from these two researched cities, considering the different culture backgrounds and administration methods. The comparative study is going more specific on each site prototypes in 2 cities. The descriptive and assessment method is developed in this research to do the systematic assess of each site by texts, mappings and images. All the sites are selected by historical and cultural heritage standard in the urban center area, but other criteria are various.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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wanfei_shan_final_thesis.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/181527