The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) covers a fundamental role for our society, providing Position Velocity and Time (PVT) information in several elds of application. The GNSS services are put in danger by jamming and spoo ng attacks, wanted or unwanted signals able to disrupt or to inhibit the right GNSS signal reception. The Controlled Radiation Pattern Antenna (CRPA) are sophisticated receiving systems (standalone antenna or antenna plus receiver) which take advantage of an antenna array and linearly combining the signals received by the single antenna elements obtain a dynamically controlled array radiation pattern capable of reacting to interference attacks. In this scenario, Thales Alenia Space Italia (TAS-I), an European space sector leader, is active in the research on CRPA solutions as interference-resistant GNSS equipment. This thesis is the product of the work carried out in the frame of two TAS-I projects: Ground Reference Station Work Order 1 (GRS WO1), a GNSS reference station, and GAlileo Multi-purpose and Multi-frequency Antenna (GAMMA), a GNSS user receiver antenna. Both the systems are designed to guarantee robustness against jamming attacks. The main focus is set on techniques that estimate jammers characteristic and aim at their rejection, as algorithms for jammers number estimation, null-steering methods, algorithms for Direction Of Arrival (DOA) estimation and Jammer Noise Ratio (JNR) estimations. Moreover, the impact of the Phase Centre (PC) variation on the array pattern and the beamforming methods are also addressed. The performance of the algorithms presented are investigated through MATLAB simulations that consider the peculiarities of the project GRS WO1 as study case. The best candidate algorithms, that meet the proper design speci cation of GAMMA, are implemented at hardware level. Finally, the results of the test campaign carried out on ARB and on the fully integrated GAMMA antenna, are reported in details and they verify the results obtained during the project simulation phase.
Il Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) ricopre un ruolo fondamentale per la nostra società, fornendo le informazioni di Position Velocity and Time (PVT) in molti campi di applicazione. I servizi GNSS sono messi in pericolo da attacchi di jammer e spoofer, segnali accidentali o appositamente trasmessi per interrompere o inibire la ricezione del segnale GNSS. Le Controlled Radiation Pattern Antenna (CRPA) sono so sticati sistemi di ricezione (antenna stand-alone o antenna più ricevitore) che sfruttano l'array di antenne combinando linearmente i segnali ricevuti dai singoli elementi e ottengono così un pattern controllato dinamicamente e capace di reagire ad attacchi degli interferenti In questo scenario, Thales Alenia Space Italia (TAS-I), compagnia leader Europeo nel settore spaziale, è impegnata nella ricerca riguardante soluzioni CRPA come equipaggiamenti GNSS resesistenti agli interferenti. Questa tesi è il prodotto del lavoro svolto nell'ambito di due progetti di TAS-I: Ground Reference Station Work Order 1 (GRS WO1), una stazione di riferimento GNSS, e GAlileo Multi-purpose and Multi-frequency Antenna (GAMMA), un'antenna ricevente di segnale GNSS. Entrambi i sistemi sono stati disegnati per garantire robustezza contro gli attacchi di jammers. Il focus principale è posto sugli algoritmi che forniscono informazioni riguadati i jammers e la loro reiezione, come algoritmi di stima del numero di jammer, metodi di null-steering, algoritmi di stima della Direction Of Arrival (DOA) e algoritmi di stima del Jammer Noise Ratio (JNR). Inoltre, l'impatto che la variazione del Phase Centre (PC) ha sul pattern dell'array e i metodi di beamforming sono stati analizzati nel corso della tesi. Le performance degli algoritmi presentati sono approfondite grazie a un modello MATLAB che considera come caso studio le speci che e le peculiarità del progetto GRS WO1. I migliori candidati tra gli algoritmie che risultano adeguati al progetto GAMMA, sono implementati a livello hardware sulla scheda digitale denominata Array Receiver Board (ARB). In ne, i risultati della campagna di test sulla scheda ARB e sull'antenna completamente integrata di GAMMA sono riportati in dettaglio e confermano i risultati ottenuti durante la fase di simulazione del progetto.
GNSS anti-jamming techniques based on Controlled Radiation Pattern Antenna
Danelli, Lorenzo
2021/2022
Abstract
The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) covers a fundamental role for our society, providing Position Velocity and Time (PVT) information in several elds of application. The GNSS services are put in danger by jamming and spoo ng attacks, wanted or unwanted signals able to disrupt or to inhibit the right GNSS signal reception. The Controlled Radiation Pattern Antenna (CRPA) are sophisticated receiving systems (standalone antenna or antenna plus receiver) which take advantage of an antenna array and linearly combining the signals received by the single antenna elements obtain a dynamically controlled array radiation pattern capable of reacting to interference attacks. In this scenario, Thales Alenia Space Italia (TAS-I), an European space sector leader, is active in the research on CRPA solutions as interference-resistant GNSS equipment. This thesis is the product of the work carried out in the frame of two TAS-I projects: Ground Reference Station Work Order 1 (GRS WO1), a GNSS reference station, and GAlileo Multi-purpose and Multi-frequency Antenna (GAMMA), a GNSS user receiver antenna. Both the systems are designed to guarantee robustness against jamming attacks. The main focus is set on techniques that estimate jammers characteristic and aim at their rejection, as algorithms for jammers number estimation, null-steering methods, algorithms for Direction Of Arrival (DOA) estimation and Jammer Noise Ratio (JNR) estimations. Moreover, the impact of the Phase Centre (PC) variation on the array pattern and the beamforming methods are also addressed. The performance of the algorithms presented are investigated through MATLAB simulations that consider the peculiarities of the project GRS WO1 as study case. The best candidate algorithms, that meet the proper design speci cation of GAMMA, are implemented at hardware level. Finally, the results of the test campaign carried out on ARB and on the fully integrated GAMMA antenna, are reported in details and they verify the results obtained during the project simulation phase.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Descrizione: Thesis Lorenzo Danelli - GNSS anti-jamming techniques based on Controlled Radiation Pattern Antenna
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/198577