Global warming is increasing every day and despite all attempts and regulations to reduce the dependency on fossil fuels and include more renewables, yet carbon capture is believed to be an effective way to reduce the greenhouse emissions from heavy industries such as cement kiln, waste to energy power plants, coal-fired power plants and many others. This study is dedicated to post-combustion carbon capture from flue gases and in particular, pilot plants that are being used to test new solvents that have much better performance than MEA in terms of higher capture capacity, lower specific regeneration energy, lower degradation rate and lower amine emissions. Pilot plants are being developed towards modular and smaller size units to facilitate the transportation and erecting procedures at the shortest time possible. 13 pilots have been studied and compared in terms of layouts and configurations aimed at decreasing the energy penalty where Technology Center Mongstad (TCM) was taken as a reference in terms of size, instrumentation, performance, and operating parameters. In addition, various scenarios for plants’ startup and shutdown have been proposed to reduce the energy penalty while guaranteeing the maximum performance of capture units. Enhancing energy performance was also studied through the new solvents that were tested in addition to the process optimization which included LVC, stripper interstage heating, absorber inter-stage cooling and heat recovery from compressor’s cooling system as well as the hot vapor stream from the stripper’s top. The main goal of pilot plants is to provide detailed results on the feasibility of implementing large-scale capture unit, and consequently, reduced size, mobility and modularity should be the main goal in designing new pilots which should be equipped with advanced solvents, highly efficient configurations and advanced instrumentation for controlling the emissions and to reduce the mass and heat balance error.
Il riscaldamento globale aumenta ogni giorno e, nonostante tutti i tentativi e le normative per ridurre la dipendenza dai combustibili fossili e includere più fonti rinnovabili, si ritiene che la cattura del carbonio sia un modo efficace per ridurre le emissioni di gas serra delle industrie pesanti come i forni da cemento, i termovalorizzatori, centrali elettriche a carbone e molti altri. Questo studio è dedicato alla cattura del carbonio in post-combustione dai gas di scarico e in particolare agli impianti pilota che vengono utilizzati per testare nuovi solventi che presentano prestazioni superiore rispetto al solvente di riferimento (MEA), in termini di maggiore capacità di cattura, minore energia specifica di rigenerazione, minore velocità di degradazione e minori emissioni in atmosfera di componenti relativi alle ammine. Gli impianti pilota vengono sviluppati tramite unità modulari e di dimensioni inferiori per facilitare le procedure di trasporto e montaggio nel più breve tempo possibile. Sono stati studiati e confrontati 13 piloti in termini di layout e configurazioni finalizzati alla diminuzione della penalità energetica. In particolare, l’impianto pilota sviluppato presso il Technology Center Mongstad (TCM) è stato preso come riferimento in termini di dimensioni, strumentazione, prestazioni e parametri operativi. Inoltre, sono stati proposti vari scenari per l'avvio e lo spegnimento degli impianti per ridurre la penalizzazione energetica garantendo la massima prestazione dell‘unità di cattura. Il miglioramento delle prestazioni energetiche è stato anche studiato attraverso l’utilizzo di solventi innovativi, l'ottimizzazione del processo tramite Lean Vapor Compression (LVC), riscaldamento inter-stadio dello stripper, raffreddamento inter-stadio dell'assorbitore e recupero di calore dal sistema di raffreddamento del compressore, nonché dal flusso di vapore caldo dalla parte superiore dello stripper. L'obiettivo principale degli impianti pilota è fornire risultati dettagliati sulla fattibilità dell'implementazione di unità di cattura su larga scala e, di conseguenza, dimensioni ridotte, mobilità e modularità dovrebbero essere l'obiettivo principale nella progettazione di nuovi impianti pilota che dovrebbero essere dotati di solventi avanzati, configurazioni altamente efficienti e strumentazione avanzata per il controllo delle emissioni e per ridurre l’errore di calcolo sui bilanci di massa e energia.
Bibliography on pilot plants for post-combustion carbon capture
MOHAREB, MINA MEHANNY SEDHOM
2021/2022
Abstract
Global warming is increasing every day and despite all attempts and regulations to reduce the dependency on fossil fuels and include more renewables, yet carbon capture is believed to be an effective way to reduce the greenhouse emissions from heavy industries such as cement kiln, waste to energy power plants, coal-fired power plants and many others. This study is dedicated to post-combustion carbon capture from flue gases and in particular, pilot plants that are being used to test new solvents that have much better performance than MEA in terms of higher capture capacity, lower specific regeneration energy, lower degradation rate and lower amine emissions. Pilot plants are being developed towards modular and smaller size units to facilitate the transportation and erecting procedures at the shortest time possible. 13 pilots have been studied and compared in terms of layouts and configurations aimed at decreasing the energy penalty where Technology Center Mongstad (TCM) was taken as a reference in terms of size, instrumentation, performance, and operating parameters. In addition, various scenarios for plants’ startup and shutdown have been proposed to reduce the energy penalty while guaranteeing the maximum performance of capture units. Enhancing energy performance was also studied through the new solvents that were tested in addition to the process optimization which included LVC, stripper interstage heating, absorber inter-stage cooling and heat recovery from compressor’s cooling system as well as the hot vapor stream from the stripper’s top. The main goal of pilot plants is to provide detailed results on the feasibility of implementing large-scale capture unit, and consequently, reduced size, mobility and modularity should be the main goal in designing new pilots which should be equipped with advanced solvents, highly efficient configurations and advanced instrumentation for controlling the emissions and to reduce the mass and heat balance error.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Bibliography of Pilot Plants for post-combustion carbon capture.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/210175