The increasing penetration of intermittent renewable generation is profoundly transforming the operation of European electricity markets, making transmission networks and market-coupling mechanisms central elements of system efficiency. This study aims, first and foremost, to replicate and analyse the price-formation process in the Central Western Europe (CWE) day-ahead market through a structural residual-demand-based model, extending the framework to explicitly incorporate the constraints of the Flow-Based Market Coupling (FBMC) mechanism implemented in the EUPHEMIA algorithm. The model is calibrated on real market data and integrated with an iterative procedure that optimises cross-border flows under network constraints, enabling the assessment of the system’s ability to generate price convergence across interconnected bidding zones. The framework is then enhanced with econometric validation tools and statistical analysis to verify the coherence of the results and to identify conditions of partial congestion in which the network remains capable of equalising prices. Finally, the RAM signal is analysed to characterise congestion patterns, temporal persistence, seasonality, and directional capacity asymmetries, highlighting how these factors influence the efficiency of market coupling. This work therefore provides an integrated approach, useful both for understanding the relationship between network constraints and price dynamics, and for supporting assessments of grid investment strategies and policies aimed at improving the efficiency and integration of European electricity markets.
L’integrazione crescente di fonti rinnovabili intermittenti sta trasformando profondamente il funzionamento dei mercati elettrici europei, rendendo centrale il ruolo delle reti di trasmissione e dei meccanismi di market coupling. Questo studio si propone, in primo luogo, di riprodurre e analizzare il processo di formazione dei prezzi nel mercato day-ahead dell’area CWE (Europa Centrale Occidentale) tramite un modello strutturale basato sulla domanda residua, estendendo tale framework per incorporare esplicitamente i vincoli del Flow-Based Market Coupling (FBMC) implementato nell’algoritmo EUPHEMIA. Il modello è calibrato su dati reali e integrato con una procedura iterativa che ottimizza i flussi transfrontalieri soggetti ai limiti di rete, consentendo di valutare la capacità del sistema di generare convergenza dei prezzi tra zone interconnesse. Il framework è stato poi esteso con strumenti di validazione econometrica e analisi statistica per verificare la coerenza dei risultati e identificare condizioni di saturazione parziale in cui la rete risulta comunque in grado di uniformare i prezzi. Infine, si indaga il segnale RAM per caratterizzare pattern di congestione, persistenze temporali, stagionalità e asimmetrie direzionali nelle capacità, evidenziando come tali fattori influenzino l’efficienza del market coupling. Il lavoro offre così un approccio integrato, utile sia per comprendere le relazioni tra vincoli infrastrutturali e dinamiche di prezzo, sia per supportare valutazioni su investimenti di rete e politiche volte a favorire una maggiore efficienza e integrazione dei mercati elettrici europei.
Multi-market coupling model: a statistical exploration of market integration dynamics
Giotti, Jacopo
2024/2025
Abstract
The increasing penetration of intermittent renewable generation is profoundly transforming the operation of European electricity markets, making transmission networks and market-coupling mechanisms central elements of system efficiency. This study aims, first and foremost, to replicate and analyse the price-formation process in the Central Western Europe (CWE) day-ahead market through a structural residual-demand-based model, extending the framework to explicitly incorporate the constraints of the Flow-Based Market Coupling (FBMC) mechanism implemented in the EUPHEMIA algorithm. The model is calibrated on real market data and integrated with an iterative procedure that optimises cross-border flows under network constraints, enabling the assessment of the system’s ability to generate price convergence across interconnected bidding zones. The framework is then enhanced with econometric validation tools and statistical analysis to verify the coherence of the results and to identify conditions of partial congestion in which the network remains capable of equalising prices. Finally, the RAM signal is analysed to characterise congestion patterns, temporal persistence, seasonality, and directional capacity asymmetries, highlighting how these factors influence the efficiency of market coupling. This work therefore provides an integrated approach, useful both for understanding the relationship between network constraints and price dynamics, and for supporting assessments of grid investment strategies and policies aimed at improving the efficiency and integration of European electricity markets.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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20251110_Tesi_Jacopo_v01.pdf
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Descrizione: Analysis and modelling of European market coupling through a structural multi-market model with flow-based constraints, investigating price convergence dynamics and congestion patterns in the CWE network.
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/247628