In Italy, only 10% of schools have a cooling system, and high occupancy rates, coupled with low envelope performance, lead to overheating in most classrooms in the summer and intermediate seasons, with an increase over the years according to future climate projections. This is mainly why Italian schools are usually closed during the summer months, creating a social problem for families and parents. The present thesis, following the results of the RERoadS project for the renovation of the Italian school building stock, aims thus at assessing the magnitude of this phenomenon, and at providing possible strategies to reduce the overheating risk in the classrooms during the occupied periods, evaluating moreover the possibility of their use also in the summer season, for didactic or other purposes. In the study, the overheating magnitude of several classroom configurations is assessed using a parametric simulation tool that, leveraging the IESVE energy simulation software, returns the risk of overheating for each case. Additional configurations that exploit passive strategies for the reduction of internal operative temperatures are then compared, to determine their overheating reduction potential and possible limitations, guiding towards the improvement of the existing building stock and suggesting the possible steps to allow the use of school spaces in the hotter months, especially considering natural ventilation, night ventilation, the use of fans to increase the air speed and the use of external shading devices. Global warming and local climate effects are also considered in the simulations, comparing different climatic scenarios, from the future weather projections to the Urban Heat Island effect, to provide results that can help decision makers to identify the best strategies for the whole life cycle of the building. In the end, thanks to the simulations performed on a set of cases and to all the implemented analyses, a user-friendly tool has been created to provide school owners with a simplified methodology for the assessment of the overheating risk of schools and classrooms, and to evaluate possible passive retrofit scenarios and their effectiveness.
In Italia, solo il 10% delle scuole è dotato di sistemi di raffrescamento, e l’elevata concentrazione di studenti, aggiunta a basse prestazioni dell’involucro, causa problemi di surriscaldamento nelle aule nei mesi estivi e intermedi, con un aumento del problema negli anni causato dal riscaldamento globale. Questa è la ragione principale della chiusura delle scuole nel periodo estivo in Italia, che causa problemi a diverse famiglie. La tesi, che segue il progetto RERoadS per il rinnovamento del patrimonio edilizio scolastico italiano, mira a quantificare la dimensione del fenomeno e a fornire possibili strategie per ridurre il rischio di surriscaldamento nelle classi, valutando anche la possibilità di usare questi spazi pubblici nel periodo estivo, per scopi didattici o altre attività. Nello studio, l’entità del surriscaldamento di diverse configurazioni di aule è esaminata grazie all’uso di un tool parametrico che, sfruttando il software di simulazioni IESVE, restituisce una quantificazione del rischio di surriscaldamento per ogni caso. Alcune simulazioni aggiuntive sono inoltre effettuate con l’aggiunta di strategie passive per la riduzione della temperatura operativa interna, per determinare il potenziale di riduzione del surriscaldamento e le possibili limitazioni, indirizzando verso pratiche di miglioramento del parco edilizio esistente e suggerendo possibili passi per permettere l’uso degli spazi nei mesi più caldi, specialmente considerando la ventilazione naturale anche notturna, l’uso di ventilatori e di schermature solari esterne. Il riscaldamento climatico e gli effetti locali sono inoltre considerati nelle simulazioni, comparando diversi scenari climatici futuri e l’effetto isola di calore, per fornire risultati in grado di indirizzare le decisioni verso le migliori strategie per l’intero ciclo di vita dell’edificio. Infine, grazie alle diverse simulazioni effettuate e alle analisi, un'applicazione user-friendly è stata creata, per fornire ai dirigenti scolastici una metodologia semplificata per la valutazione del rischio di surriscaldamento delle scuole e delle aule, la valutazione di possibili strategie di mitigazione e la loro efficacia.
A tool for assessing thermal resilience in existing italian school buildings : parametric evaluation and mitigation strategies for overheating
CAVIGIOLI, BIANCA ADELE
2025/2026
Abstract
In Italy, only 10% of schools have a cooling system, and high occupancy rates, coupled with low envelope performance, lead to overheating in most classrooms in the summer and intermediate seasons, with an increase over the years according to future climate projections. This is mainly why Italian schools are usually closed during the summer months, creating a social problem for families and parents. The present thesis, following the results of the RERoadS project for the renovation of the Italian school building stock, aims thus at assessing the magnitude of this phenomenon, and at providing possible strategies to reduce the overheating risk in the classrooms during the occupied periods, evaluating moreover the possibility of their use also in the summer season, for didactic or other purposes. In the study, the overheating magnitude of several classroom configurations is assessed using a parametric simulation tool that, leveraging the IESVE energy simulation software, returns the risk of overheating for each case. Additional configurations that exploit passive strategies for the reduction of internal operative temperatures are then compared, to determine their overheating reduction potential and possible limitations, guiding towards the improvement of the existing building stock and suggesting the possible steps to allow the use of school spaces in the hotter months, especially considering natural ventilation, night ventilation, the use of fans to increase the air speed and the use of external shading devices. Global warming and local climate effects are also considered in the simulations, comparing different climatic scenarios, from the future weather projections to the Urban Heat Island effect, to provide results that can help decision makers to identify the best strategies for the whole life cycle of the building. In the end, thanks to the simulations performed on a set of cases and to all the implemented analyses, a user-friendly tool has been created to provide school owners with a simplified methodology for the assessment of the overheating risk of schools and classrooms, and to evaluate possible passive retrofit scenarios and their effectiveness.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2026_03_Cavigioli_Executive.pdf
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2026_03_Cavigioli_Tesi.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/251225