Monitoring the integrity of a large structure in a geologically active environment poses significant challenges, as structural behaviour and ground deformation often overlap and interact. This thesis investigates the applicability of satellite‑based Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) techniques for monitoring the Diego Armando Maradona Stadium, situated within the deforming Campi Flegrei caldera. A central challenge addressed in this work is the separation between ground deformation, driven by the caldera’s dynamics, and the structural response of the stadium itself, two processes that spatially overlap and can easily be conflated in satellite observations. High-resolution COSMO‑SkyMed data were processed through a dedicated workflow designed to separate soil subsidence from structural displacements and to reconstruct the deformation components relevant to the roof’s radial steel trusses. Two approaches for modelling and removing the regional ground motion were implemented. By integrating ascending and descending satellite geometries and projecting the line of sight measurements onto beam-aligned local reference systems, the study captured direction dependent deformation patterns and identified clear seasonal cycles attributable to thermal expansion of the steel elements, extending techniques usually applied to linear infrastructures such as bridges and viaducts. Overall, the findings confirm the potential of InSAR as a non-invasive and reliable tool for the continuous monitoring of the stadium’s elliptical roof structure in a dynamic geological setting.
Il monitoraggio dell’integrità di una grande struttura in un contesto geologicamente attivo rappresenta una sfida significativa, poiché le deformazioni strutturali e i movimenti del terreno tendono a sovrapporsi e a interagire. Questa tesi indaga l’applicabilità delle tecniche satellitari Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) per il monitoraggio dello Stadio Diego Armando Maradona, situato all’interno della caldera dei Campi Flegrei. Una delle difficoltà centrali affrontate consiste nella separazione tra le deformazioni del suolo, legate alla dinamica del sistema vulcanico, e la risposta strutturale dello stadio, due processi che si sovrappongono spazialmente e che possono facilmente essere confusi nelle osservazioni satellitari. I dati ad alta risoluzione della costellazione COSMO‑SkyMed sono stati elaborati attraverso un workflow dedicato, sviluppato per distinguere i fenomeni di subsidenza dagli spostamenti propri della struttura e per ricostruire le componenti di deformazione associate alle travi radiali in acciaio della copertura. Sono stati implementati due approcci per modellare e rimuovere il contributo deformativo di origine geologica. L’integrazione delle geometrie di acquisizione ascendente e discendente, unita alla proiezione delle misure lungo linea di vista su sistemi di riferimento locali allineati alle travi, ha consentito di evidenziare deformazioni dipendenti dall’orientazione degli elementi e di identificare chiari cicli stagionali attribuibili alla dilatazione termica delle componenti metalliche, estendendo le tecniche applicate a infrastrutture lineari come ponti e viadotti. Nel complesso, lo studio conferma il potenziale dell’InSAR come strumento non invasivo e affidabile per il monitoraggio continuo della copertura ellittica dello stadio in un contesto geologico dinamico.
InSAR-based structural health monitoring within an active caldera: the case of Diego Armando Maradona Stadium
Bonzani, Alessio
2024/2025
Abstract
Monitoring the integrity of a large structure in a geologically active environment poses significant challenges, as structural behaviour and ground deformation often overlap and interact. This thesis investigates the applicability of satellite‑based Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) techniques for monitoring the Diego Armando Maradona Stadium, situated within the deforming Campi Flegrei caldera. A central challenge addressed in this work is the separation between ground deformation, driven by the caldera’s dynamics, and the structural response of the stadium itself, two processes that spatially overlap and can easily be conflated in satellite observations. High-resolution COSMO‑SkyMed data were processed through a dedicated workflow designed to separate soil subsidence from structural displacements and to reconstruct the deformation components relevant to the roof’s radial steel trusses. Two approaches for modelling and removing the regional ground motion were implemented. By integrating ascending and descending satellite geometries and projecting the line of sight measurements onto beam-aligned local reference systems, the study captured direction dependent deformation patterns and identified clear seasonal cycles attributable to thermal expansion of the steel elements, extending techniques usually applied to linear infrastructures such as bridges and viaducts. Overall, the findings confirm the potential of InSAR as a non-invasive and reliable tool for the continuous monitoring of the stadium’s elliptical roof structure in a dynamic geological setting.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2026_03_Bonzani.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/252941