The Gamer's Dilemma is one of the most influential debates in the ethics of virtual environments. The dilemma arises from the difficulty of explaining why certain forms of virtual wrongdoing, such as virtual murder, are often considered morally permissible, whereas other actions, such as virtual child molestation, are commonly regarded as morally unacceptable. Existing discussions have primarily focused on identifying a morally relevant distinction capable of justifying this asymmetry or on questioning the intuitions that support it. This thesis approaches the problem from a different perspective by employing the tools of evolutionary game theory. Rather than investigating which moral evaluation is correct, the analysis examines how moral judgments emerge and stabilize through social interaction. Starting from Arioli's static game-theoretic formulation of the Gamer's Dilemma, the thesis develops a sequence of evolutionary models representing the interactions among Developers, Society, and, in an extended formulation, Gamers. The resulting dynamics are studied through multi-population replicator equations, local stability analysis, and numerical simulations. The analysis reveals the existence of multiple stable equilibria, threshold effects, and path-dependent trajectories. Different normative regimes may emerge and persist within the same strategic environment, while unstable configurations play a crucial role in equilibrium selection. These findings suggest that long-run outcomes depend not only on incentives but also on the historical trajectory of the system. The main contribution of the thesis is the introduction of an evolutionary perspective on the Gamer's Dilemma. The results indicate that moral evaluations in virtual environments can be understood not only as judgments concerning particular actions, but also as outcomes of dynamic social processes through which alternative normative conventions emerge and become socially established over time.
Il Gamer's Dilemma rappresenta uno dei dibattiti più influenti nell'ambito dell'etica degli ambienti virtuali. Il dilemma nasce dalla difficoltà di spiegare perché alcune forme di comportamento scorretto virtuale, come l'omicidio virtuale, siano spesso considerate moralmente accettabili, mentre altre azioni, come la molestia virtuale di minori, siano generalmente giudicate moralmente inaccettabili. La letteratura esistente si è concentrata principalmente sull'individuazione di una distinzione moralmente rilevante capace di giustificare tale asimmetria oppure sulla messa in discussione delle intuizioni che la sostengono. Questa tesi affronta il problema da una prospettiva differente attraverso gli strumenti della teoria evolutiva dei giochi. Piuttosto che indagare quale valutazione morale sia corretta, l'analisi si concentra sul modo in cui i giudizi morali emergano e si stabilizzino attraverso l'interazione sociale. A partire dalla formulazione statica del Gamer's Dilemma proposta da Arioli, la tesi sviluppa una sequenza di modelli evolutivi che rappresentano le interazioni tra Sviluppatori, Società e, in una formulazione estesa, Videogiocatori. Le dinamiche risultanti vengono studiate mediante equazioni replicative multi-popolazione, analisi di stabilità locale e simulazioni numeriche. L'analisi evidenzia l'esistenza di molteplici equilibri stabili, effetti di soglia e traiettorie dipendenti dalla storia del sistema. Regimi normativi differenti possono emergere e persistere all'interno dello stesso ambiente strategico, mentre configurazioni instabili svolgono un ruolo fondamentale nella selezione degli equilibri. Questi risultati suggeriscono che gli esiti di lungo periodo dipendano non soltanto dagli incentivi delle popolazioni coinvolte, ma anche dal percorso storico attraverso cui il sistema evolve. Il principale contributo della tesi consiste nell'introduzione di una prospettiva evolutiva sul Gamer's Dilemma. I risultati ottenuti indicano che le valutazioni morali negli ambienti virtuali possono essere interpretate non soltanto come giudizi relativi a specifiche azioni, ma anche come esiti di processi sociali dinamici attraverso i quali convenzioni normative alternative emergono e si consolidano nel tempo.
Gamer's Dilemma: an evolutionary game theoretical analysis
Grifalconi, Leonardo
2025/2026
Abstract
The Gamer's Dilemma is one of the most influential debates in the ethics of virtual environments. The dilemma arises from the difficulty of explaining why certain forms of virtual wrongdoing, such as virtual murder, are often considered morally permissible, whereas other actions, such as virtual child molestation, are commonly regarded as morally unacceptable. Existing discussions have primarily focused on identifying a morally relevant distinction capable of justifying this asymmetry or on questioning the intuitions that support it. This thesis approaches the problem from a different perspective by employing the tools of evolutionary game theory. Rather than investigating which moral evaluation is correct, the analysis examines how moral judgments emerge and stabilize through social interaction. Starting from Arioli's static game-theoretic formulation of the Gamer's Dilemma, the thesis develops a sequence of evolutionary models representing the interactions among Developers, Society, and, in an extended formulation, Gamers. The resulting dynamics are studied through multi-population replicator equations, local stability analysis, and numerical simulations. The analysis reveals the existence of multiple stable equilibria, threshold effects, and path-dependent trajectories. Different normative regimes may emerge and persist within the same strategic environment, while unstable configurations play a crucial role in equilibrium selection. These findings suggest that long-run outcomes depend not only on incentives but also on the historical trajectory of the system. The main contribution of the thesis is the introduction of an evolutionary perspective on the Gamer's Dilemma. The results indicate that moral evaluations in virtual environments can be understood not only as judgments concerning particular actions, but also as outcomes of dynamic social processes through which alternative normative conventions emerge and become socially established over time.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2026_07_Grifalconi.pdf
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2026_07_Grifalconi_Executive_Summary.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/260399