This thesis examines the relationship between urban development and historical heritage in contemporary Baku, a city whose physical fabric is the product of multiple successive layers — medieval, Safavid and Khanate, late-nineteenth-century oil-boom, Soviet, and post-Soviet — each produced under different political and economic regimes and only partially in dialogue with the others. Since the second oil boom of the 2000s, the contemporary period has produced an unprecedented urban transformation in the history of the city, characterised by large-scale high-rise developments and the substantial clearance of the inherited residential fabric of the Sovetsky district. The thesis argues that the established opposition between heritage protection and urban development, on which much of the present discussion is conducted, is conceptually inadequate to the Baku case and obscures the actual nature of the urban formation it is meant to describe. The investigation proceeds in three parts. The first establishes a theoretical framework grounded in the Italian school of urban morphology (Muratori, Caniggia, Rossi) and the heritage discourse of Choay, Smith, and Pendlebury, placed in dialogue with the Azerbaijani historiography of Fatullayev, Ashurbeyli, and Bretanitsky. The second develops a detailed reading of the layered architecture of Baku across its successive periods, examining their morphological characteristics, their relations to each other, and the present condition of each layer. The third proposes a management plan for the surviving fabric of the Sovetsky perimeter as a concrete instrument of integrated heritage policy, combining a building-by-building inventory, a graduated protection regime, and a participatory governance structure. The principal contribution of the thesis is to demonstrate that the protection of inherited fabric and the construction of new urban form are not opposing operations but two aspects of the same continuous practice of urban planning. The framework developed for Baku is calibrated to the specific configuration of the city, but its analytical components have potential application to other post-Soviet capitals undergoing comparable transformations, particularly Tbilisi, Tashkent, and Astana.
La presente tesi esamina il rapporto tra sviluppo urbano e patrimonio storico nella Baku contemporanea, città il cui tessuto fisico è il prodotto di molteplici stratificazioni successive — medievale, safavide e dei khanati, della prima esplosione petrolifera di fine Ottocento, sovietica e post-sovietica — ciascuna prodotta sotto differenti regimi politici ed economici e solo parzialmente in dialogo con le altre. A partire dal secondo boom petrolifero degli anni Duemila, il periodo contemporaneo ha generato una trasformazione urbana senza precedenti nella storia della città, caratterizzata da interventi di edilizia in altezza su grande scala e dalla sostanziale demolizione del tessuto residenziale ereditato del distretto Sovetsky. La tesi sostiene che l'opposizione stabilita tra tutela del patrimonio e sviluppo urbano, sulla quale si conduce gran parte del dibattito attuale, è concettualmente inadeguata al caso baku e oscura la reale natura della formazione urbana che intende descrivere. L'indagine si articola in tre parti. La prima stabilisce un quadro teorico fondato sulla scuola italiana di morfologia urbana (Muratori, Caniggia, Rossi) e sul discorso del patrimonio di Choay, Smith e Pendlebury, posti in dialogo con la storiografia azerbaigiana di Fatullayev, Ashurbeyli e Bretanitsky. La seconda sviluppa una lettura dettagliata dell'architettura stratificata di Baku attraverso i suoi periodi successivi, esaminandone le caratteristiche morfologiche, le relazioni reciproche e la condizione attuale di ciascuno strato. La terza propone un piano di gestione per il tessuto superstite del perimetro Sovetsky come strumento concreto di politica integrata del patrimonio, combinando un inventario edificio per edificio, un regime di tutela graduato e una struttura di governance partecipativa. Il contributo principale della tesi è la dimostrazione che la tutela del tessuto ereditato e la costruzione di nuova forma urbana non sono operazioni opposte ma due aspetti della medesima pratica continua di pianificazione urbanistica. Il quadro sviluppato per Baku è calibrato sulla configurazione specifica della città, ma le sue componenti analitiche presentano potenziale applicazione ad altre capitali post-sovietiche in trasformazione comparabile, in particolare Tbilisi, Tashkent e Astana.
Balancing urban development and historical heritage: in contemporary Baku
Ibrahimli, Habib
2025/2026
Abstract
This thesis examines the relationship between urban development and historical heritage in contemporary Baku, a city whose physical fabric is the product of multiple successive layers — medieval, Safavid and Khanate, late-nineteenth-century oil-boom, Soviet, and post-Soviet — each produced under different political and economic regimes and only partially in dialogue with the others. Since the second oil boom of the 2000s, the contemporary period has produced an unprecedented urban transformation in the history of the city, characterised by large-scale high-rise developments and the substantial clearance of the inherited residential fabric of the Sovetsky district. The thesis argues that the established opposition between heritage protection and urban development, on which much of the present discussion is conducted, is conceptually inadequate to the Baku case and obscures the actual nature of the urban formation it is meant to describe. The investigation proceeds in three parts. The first establishes a theoretical framework grounded in the Italian school of urban morphology (Muratori, Caniggia, Rossi) and the heritage discourse of Choay, Smith, and Pendlebury, placed in dialogue with the Azerbaijani historiography of Fatullayev, Ashurbeyli, and Bretanitsky. The second develops a detailed reading of the layered architecture of Baku across its successive periods, examining their morphological characteristics, their relations to each other, and the present condition of each layer. The third proposes a management plan for the surviving fabric of the Sovetsky perimeter as a concrete instrument of integrated heritage policy, combining a building-by-building inventory, a graduated protection regime, and a participatory governance structure. The principal contribution of the thesis is to demonstrate that the protection of inherited fabric and the construction of new urban form are not opposing operations but two aspects of the same continuous practice of urban planning. The framework developed for Baku is calibrated to the specific configuration of the city, but its analytical components have potential application to other post-Soviet capitals undergoing comparable transformations, particularly Tbilisi, Tashkent, and Astana.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2026_07_Ibrahimli_Thesis.pdf
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2026_07_Ibrahimli_Panels.pdf
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Descrizione: Thesis panels
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/260801