Wrist function is critical for the execution of Activities of Daily Living, enabling the orientation, manipulation, and stabilization of the hand required for interaction with the environment. Despite this clinical importance, the wrist remains understudied in wearable robotics compared to larger upper limb segments. Furthermore, existing soft exosuits are often restricted to single degree of freedom systems, which fail to replicate the complex coordination required for natural movement. This thesis presents the design, development, and validation of a novel tendon driven soft exosuit capable of providing simultaneous assistance for both wrist extension and supination. The mechanical architecture is based on a lightweight textile design actuated through custom tendon transmissions. Two servo motors provide actuation, two IMUs are used for sensing, and an ESP32 based controller manages the system. The control architecture integrates active assistive control, passive trajectory tracking, and teach and play modalities, enabling flexible rehabilitation and assistance strategies. To address the limitations of traditional servo motors, a theoretical feasibility study was conducted on advanced electrohydraulic actuation, specifically exploring HASEL and HALVE technologies, and demonstrating analytical feasibility at wrist-assistance force scales. The system was validated through experimental tests with twelve healthy subjects and a pilot study with two neurologically impaired patients. Results confirmed kinematic transparency in the unpowered mode and accurate trajectory tracking (mean RMSE =2.01°) in the active assistive mode. Pilot tests demonstrated the feasibility of supporting functional wrist movements in patients, while the passive mode provided smooth and safe rehabilitation trajectories. Overall, this prototype offers a clinically pilot-tested solution for upper limb mobility restrictions, while the proposed electrohydraulic actuation holds significant potential, promising a transition toward fully compliant, silent, and biomimetic wearable robotics.
La funzionalità del polso è fondamentale per l'esecuzione delle Attività della Vita Quotidiana, poiché consente l'orientamento, la manipolazione e la stabilizzazione della mano nell'interazione con l'ambiente. Nonostante questa importanza clinica, il polso rimane poco studiato nella robotica indossabile rispetto ai segmenti dell'arto superiore di maggiori dimensioni. Inoltre, i soft exosuit esistenti sono spesso limitati a sistemi a singolo grado di libertà, che non riescono a replicare la complessa coordinazione richiesta dal movimento naturale. Questa tesi presenta la progettazione, lo sviluppo e la validazione di un innovativo soft exosuit azionato a cavi per l'assistenza simultanea di estensione e supinazione del polso. L'architettura meccanica si basa su un design tessile leggero con trasmissioni a cavi personalizzate. Due servomotori forniscono l'attuazione, due IMU il sensing e un controllore ESP32 gestisce il sistema. L'architettura di controllo integra assistenza attiva, traiettoria passiva e modalità teach and play, consentendo strategie flessibili di riabilitazione e assistenza. Per ovviare ai limiti dei servo motori tradizionali, è stato condotto uno studio teorico di fattibilità sull'attuazione elettroidraulica, esplorando le tecnologie HASEL e HALVE e dimostrando la fattibilità analitica alle scale di forza richieste. Il sistema è stato validato con dodici soggetti sani e uno studio pilota con due pazienti affetti da disturbi neurologici. I risultati hanno confermato la trasparenza cinematica in modalità non attuata e l'accurato tracciamento delle traiettorie (RMSE medio =2.01°) in modalità assistiva. I test pilota hanno dimostrato la fattibilità del sostegno ai movimenti funzionali del polso, mentre la modalità passiva ha fornito traiettorie di riabilitazione fluide e sicure. Nel complesso, il prototipo offre una soluzione clinicamente testata in uno studio pilota per le limitazioni di mobilità dell'arto superiore, mentre l'attuazione elettroidraulica proposta prospetta una transizione verso sistemi indossabili pienamente conformi, silenziosi e biomimetici.
A multi-DoF wrist soft exosuit: tendon driven prototype and electrohydraulic actuation feasibility
Benatti, Francesca
2025/2026
Abstract
Wrist function is critical for the execution of Activities of Daily Living, enabling the orientation, manipulation, and stabilization of the hand required for interaction with the environment. Despite this clinical importance, the wrist remains understudied in wearable robotics compared to larger upper limb segments. Furthermore, existing soft exosuits are often restricted to single degree of freedom systems, which fail to replicate the complex coordination required for natural movement. This thesis presents the design, development, and validation of a novel tendon driven soft exosuit capable of providing simultaneous assistance for both wrist extension and supination. The mechanical architecture is based on a lightweight textile design actuated through custom tendon transmissions. Two servo motors provide actuation, two IMUs are used for sensing, and an ESP32 based controller manages the system. The control architecture integrates active assistive control, passive trajectory tracking, and teach and play modalities, enabling flexible rehabilitation and assistance strategies. To address the limitations of traditional servo motors, a theoretical feasibility study was conducted on advanced electrohydraulic actuation, specifically exploring HASEL and HALVE technologies, and demonstrating analytical feasibility at wrist-assistance force scales. The system was validated through experimental tests with twelve healthy subjects and a pilot study with two neurologically impaired patients. Results confirmed kinematic transparency in the unpowered mode and accurate trajectory tracking (mean RMSE =2.01°) in the active assistive mode. Pilot tests demonstrated the feasibility of supporting functional wrist movements in patients, while the passive mode provided smooth and safe rehabilitation trajectories. Overall, this prototype offers a clinically pilot-tested solution for upper limb mobility restrictions, while the proposed electrohydraulic actuation holds significant potential, promising a transition toward fully compliant, silent, and biomimetic wearable robotics.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2026_07_Benatti_Tesi.pdf
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Descrizione: Testo della tesi
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2026_07_Benatti_ExecutiveSummary.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/261026