In recent years, the growing interest in sustainable mobility solutions and innovative transport systems has fostered the development of electric vertical take-off and landing aircraft (eVTOL), which are considered among the most promising technologies within Advanced Air Mobility. In addition to urban passenger transport, such aircraft may also represent a valid alternative for regional and island logistics missions, where rapid connectivity and limited infrastructure availability constitute strategic factors. In this context, the Aeolian Islands provide a particularly relevant case study for the aerial distribution of essential goods between the Sicilian coast and the main islands of the archipelago. The aim of this thesis is the development and application of a mission-based energy model for the assessment of the performance and operational feasibility of a multicopter eVTOL employed in inter-island logistics missions. The model, implemented in MATLAB, divides the mission into successive flight segments (taxi, hover, vertical take-off, climb, cruise, descent, landing and final taxi), estimating for each of them the corresponding time, required power and energy consumption. The reference aircraft adopted is the Volocopter VoloCity, selected on the basis of publicly available data and for its multicopter configuration, which is consistent with the scenario under investigation. Particular attention has been devoted to the modelling of the electrical energy storage system, including effects related to the available state of charge and to performance variations with ambient temperature, based on correlations available in the technical literature. The model has also been compared with and validated against formulations presented in reference studies within the sector. Subsequently, the developed framework has been applied to the reference mission and to other possible connections within the Aeolian archipelago, carrying out sensitivity analyses with respect to the main operational parameters, including cruise speed, transported payload, mission distance, number of rotors, external temperature, wind conditions and rate of climb. The results show that the energetic feasibility of the mission depends significantly on the combination of payload, required distance and environmental conditions. Furthermore, specific optimal operating speeds emerge, capable of minimising the overall energy consumption. The study therefore highlights the potential of multicopter eVTOL aircraft for short-range island logistics applications, while also underlining the limitations currently imposed by battery technology and by reduced efficiency in more demanding missions. Finally, the work provides a useful tool for future design, optimisation and operational planning activities concerning eVTOL services dedicated to sustainable logistics in island and peripheral territories.
Negli ultimi anni, il crescente interesse verso soluzioni di mobilità sostenibile e sistemi di trasporto innovativi ha favorito lo sviluppo dei velivoli elettrici a decollo e atterraggio verticale (eVTOL), considerati tra le tecnologie più promettenti nell’ambito della Advanced Air Mobility. Oltre al trasporto passeggeri urbano, tali velivoli possono rappresentare una valida alternativa anche per missioni logistiche regionali e insulari, dove la rapidità di collegamento e la limitata disponibilità infrastrutturale costituiscono fattori strategici. In questo contesto, il territorio delle Isole Eolie risulta particolarmente interessante come caso studio per applicazioni di distribuzione aerea di beni di prima necessità tra la costa siciliana e le principali isole dell’arcipelago. L’obiettivo del presente lavoro di tesi è lo sviluppo e l’applicazione di un modello energetico mission-based per la valutazione delle prestazioni e della fattibilità operativa di un eVTOL multicottero impiegato in missioni logistiche inter-isola. Il modello, implementato in ambiente MATLAB, suddivide la missione in segmenti successivi di volo (taxi, hover, decollo verticale, salita, crociera, discesa, atterraggio e taxi finale), stimando per ciascuno di essi tempi, potenze richieste ed energia consumata. Il velivolo di riferimento adottato è il Volocopter VoloCity, scelto per la disponibilità di dati pubblici e per la configurazione multicottero coerente con lo scenario analizzato. Particolare attenzione è stata dedicata alla modellazione del sistema di accumulo elettrico, includendo effetti legati allo stato di carica disponibile e alla variazione delle prestazioni con la temperatura ambiente, sulla base di correlazioni presenti in letteratura tecnica. Il modello è stato inoltre confrontato e validato rispetto a formulazioni presenti in studi di riferimento del settore. Successivamente, il framework sviluppato è stato applicato alla missione di riferimento e ad altri possibili collegamenti dell’arcipelago eoliano, conducendo analisi di sensitività rispetto ai principali parametri operativi, alcuni dei quali velocità di crociera, payload trasportato, distanza di missione, numero di rotori, temperatura esterna, vento e rateo di salita. I risultati mostrano come la fattibilità energetica della missione dipenda in modo significativo dalla combinazione tra carico utile, distanza richiesta e condizioni ambientali. Emergono inoltre specifiche velocità operative ottimali in grado di minimizzare il consumo energetico complessivo. Lo studio evidenzia quindi il potenziale dei multicotteri eVTOL per applicazioni logistiche insulari a corto raggio, pur sottolineando i limiti attualmente imposti dalla tecnologia delle batterie e dalla ridotta efficienza in missioni più gravose. Il lavoro fornisce infine uno strumento utile per future attività di progettazione, ottimizzazione e pianificazione operativa di servizi eVTOL dedicati alla logistica sostenibile in territori insulari e periferici.
Mission-based energy performance and feasibility assessment of a multicopter eVTOL for inter-island logistics in the Aeolian Islands
Berte', Jose'
2025/2026
Abstract
In recent years, the growing interest in sustainable mobility solutions and innovative transport systems has fostered the development of electric vertical take-off and landing aircraft (eVTOL), which are considered among the most promising technologies within Advanced Air Mobility. In addition to urban passenger transport, such aircraft may also represent a valid alternative for regional and island logistics missions, where rapid connectivity and limited infrastructure availability constitute strategic factors. In this context, the Aeolian Islands provide a particularly relevant case study for the aerial distribution of essential goods between the Sicilian coast and the main islands of the archipelago. The aim of this thesis is the development and application of a mission-based energy model for the assessment of the performance and operational feasibility of a multicopter eVTOL employed in inter-island logistics missions. The model, implemented in MATLAB, divides the mission into successive flight segments (taxi, hover, vertical take-off, climb, cruise, descent, landing and final taxi), estimating for each of them the corresponding time, required power and energy consumption. The reference aircraft adopted is the Volocopter VoloCity, selected on the basis of publicly available data and for its multicopter configuration, which is consistent with the scenario under investigation. Particular attention has been devoted to the modelling of the electrical energy storage system, including effects related to the available state of charge and to performance variations with ambient temperature, based on correlations available in the technical literature. The model has also been compared with and validated against formulations presented in reference studies within the sector. Subsequently, the developed framework has been applied to the reference mission and to other possible connections within the Aeolian archipelago, carrying out sensitivity analyses with respect to the main operational parameters, including cruise speed, transported payload, mission distance, number of rotors, external temperature, wind conditions and rate of climb. The results show that the energetic feasibility of the mission depends significantly on the combination of payload, required distance and environmental conditions. Furthermore, specific optimal operating speeds emerge, capable of minimising the overall energy consumption. The study therefore highlights the potential of multicopter eVTOL aircraft for short-range island logistics applications, while also underlining the limitations currently imposed by battery technology and by reduced efficiency in more demanding missions. Finally, the work provides a useful tool for future design, optimisation and operational planning activities concerning eVTOL services dedicated to sustainable logistics in island and peripheral territories.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Executive_Summary___TESI_MAGISTRALE.pdf
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Descrizione: Executive Summary della tesi
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TESI_MAGISTRALE_JOSE_BERTE.pdf
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Descrizione: Tesi magistrale
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/261219